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    25 April 2021, Volume 43 Issue 2
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    Analysis and Recommendations for Emerging Disruptive Technologies Planning of NATO in the Future
    LIU Hao ZHANG Zhiqiang FENG Zhigang
    2021, 43(2):  127-137.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2020.12.013
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    The development and application of disruptive technologies will have a huge impact on the global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. This paper combed the scientific and technological innovation strategies relevant to disruptive technologies of the world's major powers of science and technology, focusing on the “Science & Technology Trends: 2020-2040” report. It was found that over the next 20 years in the military field, emerging disruptive technology would be intelligent, interconnected, distributed, and digital. Precision warfare, autonomous systems & agents, battle networks, expanding domains and other military applications might be generated. The development trends of new disruptive technologies in the areas of big data, artificial intelligence, autonomy, space technologies, hypersonics, quantum technologies, biotechnology, and materials, as well as the influence of technology portfolio were analyzed. On this basis, this paper proposed that it is essential to systemically arrange and strengthen the identification and prediction of future new disruptive technology development trends, attach great importance to the civil-military fusion research and application of emerging disruptive technologies, support the S&T frontier studies of the S&T think-tanks and strategic S&T information agencies.
    R&D Roadmap 2020-2030 for EU Integrated Energy System and Its Enlightenment and Suggestions
    YUE Fang GUO Kaimo CHEN Wei
    2021, 43(2):  138-148.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2020.12.014
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    The integrated energy system with multi-energy integration and complementary utilization is the key to achieving energy transition goals. In recent years, the EU's planning and layout in this field have been particularly prominent. In recent years, the European Union's planning and layout in this field have been particularly prominent. In 2018, the EU developed a vision of the integrated energy system by 2050 and then proposed the R&D Roadmap 2020-2030 in 2020. This article analyzes the EU's integrated energy system R&D roadmap from the aspects of background, budget and key research areas, and summarizes the main components, building blocks and research priorities of the integrated energy system. Suggestions for the development of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient multi-energy integration system of China are proposed, including reinforcing the top design of the future multi-energy integration energy system; developing a short, medium and long-term R&D roadmap; establishing an efficient R&D and innovation organization system; developing flexible and autonomous regional energy communities centered on consumers; building highly flexible energy markets suitable for future energy systems; and deeply integrating digital technology with the integrated energy system.
    Development Trend and Enlightenment of American Information and Communication Industry in Recent 20 Years
    HAN Wenyan XIONG Yonglan ZHANG Zhiqiang
    2021, 43(2):  149-168.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2020.12.012
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    With the advancement of a new round of iterative industrial upgrading worldwide, the information and communication industry has gradually become a key factor that determines the trend of technological evolution, affects the front-end industry ecology and even the core competitiveness and innovation ability of the country. The paper takes the typical science and technology power United States as the research object, and conducts a detailed quantitative analysis of the development status and trends of the US information and communication industry in the past 20 years since the 21st Century. The research results show that the development of the information and communication industry is healthy, the international trade market is broad, the economic and social benefits are significant, and the development of subdivided industries is quite different. National policies and technological innovation play an important driving role in their development. In the future, industrial development will be increasingly focused on industrial services, personal internet markets, quantum security communications, satellite internet，industrial internet development, and protection of advantageous areas. Based on this, combined with China's development reality, enlightenments and suggestions for the development of China's information and communication industry are proposed to promote the construction of a network power, which include: industrial innovation strategic planning and innovation policies, the integrated development of manufacturing and service industries, the terminal application of 5G technology products, scientific and technological innovation investment and industrial core technologies, standards and brand strategies, and industrial international circulation and other aspects.
    Construction and Development Status of International Biosafety Level 4 Laboratory and Suggestions to China
    SONG Qi DING Chenjun CHEN Fang ZHANG Zhiqiang
    2021, 43(2):  169-181.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2020.12.002
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    Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) laboratory is currently the world's highest-level biosafety laboratory, which plays an important role in infectious disease prevention and control, bioterrorism threat prevention, and extreme microorganism research, and it is the core infrastructure of the national biosafety system. In this paper, the construction of internationally important BSL-4 laboratories and the safety management of major national laboratories are described. It is found that the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, China and other countries have issued some safety management and operation guidelines related to BSL-4 laboratories. However, compared with other major countries, China still has a large gap in the construction volume of more than 50 BSL-4 laboratories (incomplete statistics) in the world, and its role in the construction of public health and disease prevention and control systems is not sufficient. Based on the analysis of the current situation of the construction and development of the global BSL-4 laboratory, this paper proposes that China can learn from the mature experience of other countries in the construction of BSL-4 laboratory in improving the construction of laws, regulation management and supervision, and provide references for the biosafety construction and application of BSL-4 laboratories in China.
    Research Progress on Biological Synthesis and Biological Functionin Plant Oil Body
    CHEN Zhen LI Xiuli CHEN Fazhi
    2021, 43(2):  182-191.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2020.12.016
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    The oil bodies are important subcellular storage organelles at the centre of lipid and energy homeostasis in plant. They have a unique architecture consisting of a hydrophobic core of neutral lipids, which is enclosed by a phospholipid monolayer that is decorated by a specific set of proteins. These proteins fall in two main classes based on their biosynthesis sites and transportation mode. Oil bodies emerge from the endoplasmic reticulum. Its formation is closely related to the synthesis of neutral lipids, whose assembly involves multiple steps such as neutral lipid synthesis and lens formation, oil body primarily biosynthesis, oil body budding, growth and maturation. The oil body plays important roles in lipid reserve, signal transduction, developmental regulation and stress response. In this review, this paper summarizes recent research progress in the structure, composition, biological synthesis of the oil body as well as biological function of the oil body in different plant tissues. Deficiencies in the research and some scientific problems to be solved in the aspects of plant oil body are also discussed, which would provide a reference for future research of oil bodies.
    Analysis on the International Development Trend in the Field of Climate Change Science and Technology
    ZENG Jingjing LIU Yanfei PEI Huijuan LIAO Qin DONG Liping
    2021, 43(2):  192-203.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2020.12.010
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    Climate change is one of the universal concerns faced by the international community, which has a profound impact on all aspects of the natural social and economic system. This paper reviews the major strategic plans and policy measures in the field of climate change science and technology since 2016, and summarizes the major research frontiers and advances as well, in order to understand the international development trend of climate change science and technology. As the international community’s consensus on the facts and causes of climate change becomes increasingly unified, the international actions to address climate change continue to deepen. From 2016 to 2019, the international community’s strategic layout and research investment in low-carbon innovation kept increasing. The phenomenon of global warming hiatus and its causes, the attribution of climate change to extreme weather events, carbon removal technology and CO2 conversion and utilization are hot topics of research in this field. Based on the analysis of the international development trend in the field of climate change science and technology, it is proposed to increase investment in scientific and technological research related to climate change, pay more attention to the deployment of social demand-oriented climate observation systems, and develop a research agenda for negative emission technologies as soon as possible, hopefully providing a reference for China’s innovation decisions in related fields.
    Science and Technology Evaluation System Comparison between US and Japan
    CAO Shijia SUN Zhanhui CHENG Ming DENG Lizheng WANG Rudong
    2021, 43(2):  204-215.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2020.12.009
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    As a key part in science and technology management, science and technology evaluation are of great significance to the improvement of government science and technology management, the optimization of science and technology resources allocation, as well as the improvement of science and technology management level. This paper selects the science and technology evaluation system of the United States and Japan as the research object. Firstly, it summarizes the historical development of the science and technology evaluation system of the two countries. Then, from the perspective of evaluation objects, the main methods used by the United States and Japan in the evaluation of science and technology institutions, science and technology projects and science and technology talents are summarized in detail. Then, it compares the similarities and differences as well as outstanding experiences between the United States and Japan’s science and technology evaluation systems. Finally, based on the comparison results, this paper puts forward the following three suggestions to further improve China's science and technology evaluation system: 1) Improve the participation mechanism of third-party to ensure the independence and impartiality of science and technology evaluation; 2) Improve the grading and classification mechanism of science and technology evaluation standards and promote the rational development of science and technology evaluation indicators; 3) Improve the resource sharing mechanism and promote the transparency of science and technology evaluation process.
    Analysis on Development Trend of Astronomy based on Bibliometrics
    WEI Ren GUO Shijie FAN Xiaoxiao DONG Lu LI Yizhan LI Zexia
    2021, 43(2):  216-227.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2020.12.011
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    Based on the bibliometric analysis of 82 thousand papers in the field of astronomy from 2014 to 2019, this paper analyzes the current development status of astronomy in China from the perspectives of output scale, discipline layout and academic influence. In terms of the scale of paper output, China ranks second in the world regarding the number of the first author. In the past five years, the increase in the number of papers is much higher than the world average. From the perspective of discipline layout, China's academic output in the field of solar physics is relatively active. The scientific output in the field of galaxy and cosmology, stellar and Milky Way has increased steadily. Although the output in the field of solar system and extrasolar system is growing rapidly, it still lags behind when comparing to other fields. From the perspective of academic influence, Chinese astronomers are still not first authors to produce 1 ‰ highly cited papers, and 1% highly cited papers have increased greatly in recent years, indicating that Chinese astronomers have begun to emerge on the international stage. From the perspective of the first author's country, the international cooperation level of Chinese scholars is relatively low, and the number of citations per article and zero citations rate performs poorly. From the perspective of subject index and influence index, China's subject index and influence index are the lowest in the top 20 countries, which has something to do with the small volume of astronomy community in China, and great efforts are needed for the development of astronomy in China.
    Research on the Development of Preventive Medicine in China based on the NSFC Projects
    XIE Min
    2021, 43(2):  228-241.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2020.12.019
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    This paper analyzes the types of projects, the distribution of secondary disciplines and research institutions based on the data of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in the field of preventive medicine from 2015 to 2019. This research segmented the projects name and counted keywords frequency on Pycharm platform, and conducted keywords co-occurrence and cluster analysis using bibexcel and SPSS. The results show that NSFC's support for preventive medicine is stable, the research institutions with NSFC projects in China are concentrated. The epidemiology of non-communicable diseases is the main secondary disciplines that received the largest amount of projects and funding, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and other chronic diseases are hotspots of preventive medicine research, and research on the impact of environment and early life factors on human health are also research highlights. The research on cell, molecule and gene are the main theme in terms of research method. The frontier research of biology Non-coding RNA is also applied to the field of preventive medicine. Methylation and autophagy related research are also research focuses in recent years. Finally, an outlook of the future research direction of preventive medicine is proposed.
    Patent Analysis and Enlightenment of Antiviral Drugs from Pharmaceutical Company Gilead Sciences
    XU Yi ZHANG Xian LI Shuying ZHU Yuexian
    2021, 43(2):  242-256.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2020.12.018
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    Gilead Sciences, Inc. has achieved leapfrog development with multiple operating methods such as patent applications and acquisitions, and its patent operating strategy has become the focus of attention in the industry. This article analyzes the annual trends, technical fields, geographical distribution, and patent layout of the patent applications of Gilead’s antiviral drugs, conducts an in-depth interpretation of the patents and technical information of key drugs, such as Emtricitabine and Epclusa. And then, this article summarizes and refines the characteristics of Gilead's patent strategy. The results show that Gilead’s patent operation is characterized by its: continuity to focus on R&D and innovation, and implementation of a global layout strategy for intellectual property protection; guarantee of the freedom to operate (FTO) of technology through the establishment of monopoly patent barriers; the flexible disposal of intellectual property assets to achieve the maximum value of patents. Based on these observations, the research institutions and companies of pharmaceuticals industry in China should master core technologies, and build a composite patent protection network in geographical and technical fields; formulate patent strategies in a variety of ways when core technologies have been patented, such as development or imitation at the right time, and apply for peripheral patents such as derivative structures or new uses, and designing technology circumvention solutions.