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    25 December 2023, Volume 45 Issue 6
    Enlightenment of U.S. Quantum R&D Layout to China
    ZHOU Junbi DONG Yu
    2023, 45(6):  661-669.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.01.002
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    Since the implementation of the National Quantum Initiative Act in December 2018 and the adoption of the CHIPS and Science Act in August 2022, the U. S. Federal R&D investment in quantum technology has increased by 25% every year. The research draws on the experience of U. S. quantum science and technology R&D layout. It puts forward suggestions for China’s construction of national laboratories and new R&D institutions, aiming to provide a reference for China to strengthen its national strategic scientific and technological strength and improve its new national-wide system. Results show that the United States has formed a quantum strategic R&D layout with “top-level coordination as the guide, permanent institutions as the cornerstone, newly established institutions as the backbone, and industrial consortia as the supplement”. It is suggested that China lay a solid foundation on strategic scientific and technological forces such as the National Laboratory, flexibly support new R&D institutions, establish a top-level coordination and consultation mechanism, and accelerate the establishment of enterprise innovation consortia.
    German Open Data Practice and Its Enlightenment
    XIE Pengya DI Yuebao REN Zhen
    2023, 45(6):  670-678.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.03.006
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    In recent years, the country attaches more and more importance to the management, development, and utilization of data resources, among which the open sharing of data is an important step. Germany is an active pioneer in the field of open data practice, summarizing and analyzing Germany’s practice and experience in open data practice can provide a reference for my country’s open data practice. Through online investigation and literature research, this study analyzes the policies and measures of the German federal government in open data and summarizes the practical experience of Germany in promoting digital transformation and infrastructure construction. On the basis of sorting out the concepts and practices of open data in Germany, taking into account the development limitations faced by open data in China, three suggestions are made to strengthen systematic thinking and research in the field of open data, strengthen the construction of infrastructure and platform, and strengthen the construction of data development and security guarantee capacity, in order to provide insights for the development of open data in China.
    Examination and Improvement of China's Technology Safety Control Legislation under the New Security Pattern
    CHEN Zhe CHEN Jiabei ZHANG Ziyuan
    2023, 45(6):  679-692.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.03.001
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    Ensuring the new development pattern with the new security pattern is an important strategic arrangement made by the Party’s Twenty National Congress. Science and technology security is an important part of the overall national security concept. The legislation on technology security control should strike a balance between science and technology development. The regulatory focus of American technology safety control legislation is “emerging technology and basic technology”. It carries out precise control through the system design of licensing exception and temporary control, implements dynamic and specialized cross-departmental technology identification procedures, and adopts linkage arrangements with foreign investment security review. Its institutional experience has certain reference significance for the improvement of Chinese technology safety control legislation. Based on the requirements of scientific and technological security, our country should focus on the protection of key core technologies to improve technical safety control legislation and strengthen the system by establishing the licensing exception system, the cross-departmental technology identification mechanism, and the dynamic list management mechanism. At the same time, strengthen the linkage arrangement with foreign investment security review legislation and anti-sanction legislation to strengthen the control effect.
    Research and Enlightenment on the Legislative Background and Motivation Evolution of the Bayh-Dole Act
    SU Xiaohui SUN Linlin BIAN Shuguang JIANG Zhijun YU Xiaoxiao YANG Bin
    2023, 45(6):  693-702.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.03.003
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    In the face of great changes that have not occurred in a century, improving the country’s overall scientific and technological innovation capacity through optimizing the construction of scientific and technological innovation systems and regulations has become the key to the game of major powers. Research on the Bayh-Dole Act, which was also born during a critical historical period and focuses on the ownership of federally funded scientific and technological achievements, has significant practical significance for the ongoing reform and exploration of the sharing mechanism for scientific and technological achievements in China. This article starts from a process perspective by analyzing the historical background and evolution trend of the birth of the Bayh-Dole Act, exploring its special parliamentary review process and reasons, and revealing the key drivers and changes that affect the legislative adoption of the Bayh-Dole Act; Summarize the inspiration of the legislative process of the Bayh-Dole Act on China’s science and technology policy formulation from both positive and negative aspects; Based on the ongoing reform of the ownership of job scientific and technological achievements in China, it is proposed to include professional institutions in the pilot work system.
    Comparison of Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism in Europe and America and Its Influence and Enlightenment to China
    LI Lanchun CHEN Wei
    2023, 45(6):  703-712.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.03.004
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    At present, the developed economies represented by the EU and the US are trying to compete for the leading role in making global climate and trade rules through the unilateral carbon Border Regulation Mechanism (CBAM). Based on the analysis of relevant European and American policy texts, the implementation of CBAM in the EU and the United States has become an inevitable trend and combined with the construction of their own carbon market to formulate different collection rules to further protect the competitiveness of local industries, accelerate economic recovery, and compete for international discourse power, so as to occupy the moral high ground of global climate rules. The short-term CBAM mechanism has a limited impact on China and will continue to impact energy-intensive industrial exports in the long term. The EU and the US may use this opportunity to suppress the Chinese industrial chain supply chain and cause the leakage of industrial enterprise information. The overall green transformation process of the economy will be affected to varying degrees. In this regard, China should stick to the bottom line thinking, make early plans, promote multilateral climate negotiations, oppose any protectionist trade policies, stimulate the leading role of green and low-carbon technologies and build a dual-cycle green economic system, advocate a fair and reasonable carbon neutral order and promote governance model, continue to improve the carbon trading market system, promote globalization, convergence and mutual certification, speed up the exploration of a carbon tax system and promote the use of special carbon taxes to gain circulation.
    Research on the Evolution and Governance of the French Competitiveness Cluster Innovation Ecosystem Driven by the Policy
    LI Rong ZHANG Yibo GUO Jianwei
    2023, 45(6):  713-723.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.02.002
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    France national Competitiveness Cluster Plan has been implemented for nearly 20 years. It has successfully cultivated a number of global leading innovative industrial clusters, and formed a set of “French” models of regional innovation ecological governance. Summarizing its practical experience can provide reference for China to accelerate the cultivation of world-class innovative industrial clusters. Based on the perspective of policy driven and the analysis of the evolution of the policy focus in different stages of the development of French competitive clusters, this paper analyzes the synchronous evolution path of its innovation ecosystem, further summarizes its governance framework and main governance strategies. It is found that the innovation ecosystem of French competitiveness cluster has gone through four evolutionary phases that will be from R&D project driven to industrial modernization and digital transformation driven, and has formed an innovation ecological governance framework under the “four levels of co-governance” model. Finally, we give some enlightening suggestions to the cultivation of world leading science and technology parks in China from the following four aspects: driving force transformation of innovation ecological evolution, improvement of IUR collaborative innovation service system, guidance of internationalization strategy, strengthening government’s driving and guiding role.
    Analysis on the Changes of Japanese National Research Institutions’ Functions
    ZHU Xiangli WANG Su DONG Yu
    2023, 45(6):  724-734.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.01.001
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    As a national strategic scientific and technological force, national scientific research institutions play an extremely important role in solving major issues concerning the overall situation and long-term development of the country. As one of the important technological powers, Japan’s national scientific research institutions have played an important role in the process of technological innovation. Based on the background of the development of science and technology in Japan, this paper combs the characteristics of the functional orientation and institutional management of the national scientific research institutions from the perspectives of historical development and scientific and technological innovation systems. It is found that the functions of the national scientific research institutions in Japan have the following characteristics: the changes in the functions of the national scientific research institutions keep pace with the needs of the overall economic and Social Development of Japan; to clarify the legal status of the state-owned scientific research institutions, to maintain the vitality of the institutions, to reform the talent management system, and to promote the rational flow and competitive development of talents. Finally, the following suggestions are put forward for China’s national scientific research institutions:1) Adjust the positioning timely according to the national strategic needs, and suggest that the government grant more autonomy to national scientific research institutions in order to adopt flexible management systems to promote the efficient output of scientific research results; 2) According to the different positioning of national scientific research institutions, improve the construction of the classification evaluation system;3)Formulate talent introduction and training plans, funding supporting policies for scientific and technological innovation talents, entrepreneurial leaders, industry urgently needed talents, and outstanding young talents.
    Innovation and Development Research of Clean and Efficient Coal Conversion Technology Based on Patent Analysis
    DU Wei JIA Yuning WANG Chunbo CAI Rui
    2023, 45(6):  735-745.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.03.008
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    Achieving the carbon emission peaking and carbon neutrality goals is a requirement for promoting the green-oriented transition and innovation development of energy. This article focuses on the related energy strategy of clean and efficient coal conversion technologies. It analyzes the overall development trends of patent from the aspects of patents distribution, sources of technology and patent applicants. The regional distribution of patented technologies shows that China plays a significant role in the clean and efficient conversion of coal, not only the major research center but also the target market. Furthermore, the current important research fields in China are revealed by analyzing the composition of patented technologies in the field of coal conversion. Then, this article analyzes the clean and efficient coal conversion technologies in patent related to the National Science and Technology Progress Award in recent years. On these bases, we put forward the suggestion of transforming key patented technologies to productivity, and seizing the opportunities of the Belt and Road Initiative to enhance the international competitiveness of the modern coal chemical industry of China.
    Analysis of Difference between Technical Layout of Integrated Circuit Materials in China,the United States and Japan Based on Industrial Chain
    SUN Wenjun LV Lucheng ZHANG Kai LIU Ting HAN Tao ZHAO Yajuan
    2023, 45(6):  746-760.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.03.005
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    Based on the industrial chain of integrated circuit materials, this paper analyzes and reveals the differences in the technological layout between China, the United States, and Japan in all links of the industrial chain to help the scientific and technological decision-making of China’s integrated circuit materials industry. Based on the data of papers and patents, this study adopts the bibliometric analysis method to carry out the analysis and research of technical layout differences. Specifically, by combing the industrial chain of integrated circuit materials, seven kinds of materials in each link of the industrial chain are defined, and the global papers and patent data of each material are obtained from the Web of Science and Incopat patent databases. Combined with the paper quality and patent value judgment standards, the application and publication trend difference analysis, organization number difference analysis, enterprise number difference analysis and technology difference analysis of China, the United States and Japan are carried out. In recent years, China has made progress in patents and papers in the integrated circuit materials industry chain. The proportion of high-value patents and highly cited papers continues to rise, but the performance of different materials in the industry chain could be better. China pays more attention to patent applications in the fields of silicon wafers and photoresists and pays more attention to paper publications in the fields of electronic gases and wet electronic chemicals. China has a slight advantage in the total number of patent application institutions, but there needs to be more institutions applying for high-value patents. It shows the characteristics of more papers and fewer institutions. Enterprises account for a large proportion of patent application institutions, and high-value patents are mainly concentrated in enterprises. There are differences in technical concerns between China, the United States and Japan, and the United States and Japan have some common concerns.
    Quantitative Evaluation of Smart Energy Industrial Policies in China Based on Text Mining and PMC Index Optimization Mode
    TANG Yun WANG Hongyang HU Hexin KE Wangsong CHEN Wei
    2023, 45(6):  761-774.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.01.003
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    Objective and scientific evaluation methods can ensure reasonable and accurate policy evaluation results and directly and effectively promote policy formulation, implementation, and feedback adjustment. Different from the previous composite evaluation methods, the PMC index model avoids subjectivity and improves accuracy to a great extent. It is a relatively objective quantitative evaluation method in the world that is only used to analyze policy texts. However, at present, the setting of the PMC model index system is relatively fixed. The number of indicators is small, generally at most 10 primary indicators. It is not possible to conduct a comprehensive quantitative evaluation research on the content of this policy paper. Therefore, this project carries out in-depth text mining on the smart energy industrial policy sample set through the tools of ROST CM6 and VOSviewer. According to the mined high-frequency words, network and small group results, the PMC model is optimized, with 17 primary variables and 115 secondary variables, and a 4×4 symmetrical surface diagram of the PMC matrix. The results show that 8 of the 17 policies are good policies and the remaining 9 are acceptable policies. Among them, the guidance on energy work 2021 issued by the National Energy Administration in 2021 is the most comprehensive and scientific. Among the 17 primary variables and indicators, the sample has advantages in policy nature, policy evaluation, research basis, policy openness and key policy contents; There are still some deficiencies in policy scope, incentive guarantee, policy object, policy function, energy service, energy terminal application and energy types; There are still great deficiencies in policy timeliness, policy issuing institutions, policy fields, policy combinations and policy technical tools, which need to be improved.