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25 October 2024, Volume 46 Issue 5

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Competitive Situation and Enlightenment of Key Technologies of Global Satellite Internet

YUAN Ye, WANG Xuecong, ZHU Hao, SUN Sanshan

2024, 46(5):  575-585.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.04.001

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At present, the world is carrying out a new round of space race around the construction of satellite Internet system, in which LEO satellite communication is the prevailing focus of world powers in the field of space-based information systems after satellite navigation. Studying the key technologies of satellite Internet is of great significance in promoting the progress of satellite and communication technology, addressing global challenges, and leading future development. In this paper, by constructing the key technology system of satellite internet, retrieving patent data, comprehensively analyze the competitive situation of key technologies of satellite internet from the dimensions of technology development trend, technology competition subject, technology competition region and technology competition field. The study found that the development of satellite Internet in China has many problems, such as late start, lack of industrial clusters, low patent conversion rate, and insufficient scenario application. The development strategies are summarized as followings: Anticipate cutting-edge technologies and lay out future technologies to seize emerging cutting-edge fields. Strengthen the research and development of key core technologies, and establish innovative association. Strengthen the deep integration of industry, academia, and research, and build industrial ecological clusters. Highlight the integration of communication, navigation, and remote communication, and create diversified application scenarios.

The Development Trends of International Greenhouse Gas Monitoring and Its Enlightenment to China

FU Jiao, LIANG Lizhi, CUI Shaolong

2024, 46(5):  586-604.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.01.005

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Reliable greenhouse gas (GHG) monitoring is conducive to the improvement of the carbon accounting system and will promote the development of the carbon emission trading market, providing scientific monitoring support for the realization of double carbon goals. This study reviews the spatial distribution, research hotspots, and evolution of academic research and patent technology in the field of international GHG monitoring based on bibliometric and patent analysis. Through comparative analysis, the research hotspots were classified into research and application of monitoring technology and instruments, GHG monitoring and emission estimation in urban areas, application of monitoring technology in key industries such as industry, global and regional-scale flux monitoring and its supporting technologies, and monitoring management methods, means, and measures. The research evolution is characterized by the gradual improvement of monitoring methods, technologies, and instruments, the gradual expansion of monitoring fields and scope, the continuous upgrading of monitoring platforms, and the continuous innovation of monitoring management. Combined with the international development trends and domestic status, there are still key technical problems, monitoring accuracy problems, and management system and management mechanism challenges in our country. Some suggestions were put forward around tamping the GHG monitoring foundation, improving the GHG stereo monitoring and evaluation system, and making innovations in management systems and management mechanisms.

Characteristics of Global Military Production, Development Dynamics and Policy Implications under Military Science and Technology Development Trends

GUO Weidong, DU Debin, YI Xinlei, GAO Qin

2024, 46(5):  605-615.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.04.002

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As an integral part of the international political system and an important element of national comprehensive power in the era of high-tech warfare, is profoundly influencing and shaping the new world order through the evolution of its production patterns and characteristics. Trends in the development of world military science and technology, production characteristics and formation mechanisms of the global military industry are analysed by means of a systematic review methodology and by consulting data related to global military producers and revenues from the SIPRI arms industry database. At present, military science and technology is accelerating the evolution of information technology and intelligence, space weapons and disruptive military science and technology have become the high point for all countries to compete, global military production has formed a pattern of only super power and multi-great power, the United States leads the world’s military science and technology development trend and occupies the absolute advantage in the current military science and technology field, the defense industrial base, military needs, economic interests and political goals are the main factors affecting the development of military science and technology. Under the new situation, China should be based on the characteristics of information-based warfare, promote the mechanization of military science and technology, information technology, intelligent integration and development; seize the opportunity of the scientific and technological revolution, accelerate the research and application of disruptive military science and technology, and deepen the reform of the national defense science and technology industry to form a pattern of in-depth development of military-civilian integration.

Research on Public-Private-Partnership Technology Development Model of NASA from the Perspective of the Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD)

ZHU Yue, ZHOU Ronghua

2024, 46(5):  616-627.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.05.001

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Utilizing the innovative capacity of enterprises and the organizational role of governments can greatly enhance China’s efforts in achieving breakthroughs in key core technologies. A number of Public sectors in the United States have adopted the public-private Partnership (PPP) model in major scientific and technological projects, especially the most famous model of National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA), which has greatly improved the development efficiency of major space technologies and promoted industrial development. This paper takes the Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) of NASA as the research object, analyzes the mechanism of the organization’s technology investment direction and the operation mechanism of the public-private partnership technology development mode, and summarizes the characteristics of the NASA public-private partnership technology development mode led by STMD，including: (1) Multi-thread technology development task selection mode (2) task decision and plan execution module linkage mode (3) Differentiated public-private partnership technology development plan setting, Finally, the paper puts forward the suggestions to improve the cooperation from three aspects: strengthening the strategic layout of government-enterprise cooperation technology research, optimizing the selection mode of major scientific and technological tasks of government departments, and establishing differentiated combination of government-enterprise technology research plans.

Study of NASA’s Major Program Pre-research Management Process: Take the James Webb Space Telescope as An Example

GUO Shijie, LI Zexia, WEI Ren, DONG Lu

2024, 46(5):  628-641.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.03.006

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Effectively organizing and managing major scientific and technological projects is an important prerequisite for achieving the goal of seizing technological heights. This article takes the management documents of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as the analysis object, analyzes its project organization and management modes, and takes the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) project, which has invested nearly 10 billion US dollars and lasted for decades, as an example to analyze the pre-research management process of NASA’s major projects. NASA manages projects into three categories based on cost, risk, and priority. The project lifecycles can be divided into seven stages, from“pre A”to “A”“B”, until “F”, respectively. JWST entered NASA’s Pre-A Phase in 1995, with three independent units conducting conceptual research; In July 1999, 2 out of 3 units were selected to start the Phase A research; In September 2002, one contractor was officially selected to lead the Phase B research. The aspects that can be used for reference include: the project organizer should play a good“overall”role, gather multiple resources, and provide long-term stable support; The preparation of new projects needs to fully utilize the scientific, technological, and management talent foundation of the previous projects; The implementation of major projects can be promoted in stages using“horse racing”to reduce uncertainty and decision-making risks.

European Commission’s Intellectual Property Practice and Implications for Public Research Organization and Project Management

WANG Yuxin, XU Huifang, WEI Shan, QIN Minghao

2024, 46(5):  642-652.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.03.003

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In the IP management of public research organisations and projects in China, China still has the problem of inconsistency between the IP laws and policies and the management practices at the institutional level. The study aims to analyse the relevant IP management rules and practices of the European Commission and to analyse the management rules from the perspective of IP-related management departments to encourage China’s research organisations to incorporate the national laws and policies into their IP management policies and processes and to improve the IP management level of their organisations and projects. The study adopts a network survey method to select representative management policies and practices of the European Commission and to investigate how it implements IP laws and policies into the management rules of EU programmes. The research includes IP management guidelines and IP asset management guidelines for public research organisations focused on knowledge transfer activities, IP management rules for the EU Horizon Europe project and its IP services funded by the Horizon project. The results suggest that China can strengthen the guidance and demonstration of intellectual property management and project intellectual property management in public research organizations, such as formulating guidelines for intellectual property management of institutions and projects, guidelines for the appreciation of intellectual property assets, or funding highly professional intellectual property services. In particular, policy toolkits are provided in specific operational processes to improve the efficiency of IP management.

Experience and Inspiration of Italy Leading the Establishment of International Science and Technology Organizations

MA Zongwen, FANG Ci

2024, 46(5):  653-663.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.03.004

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The establishment of international scientific and technological organizations is an important measure to actively integrate into the global innovation network and build an open innovation ecosystem. Italy has initiated the establishment of three international scientific and technological organizations, namely The World Academy of Sciences for the advancement of science in developing countries(TWAS), the International Centre for Theoretical Physics(ICTP) and the International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology(ICGEB). This has formed an innovative ecosystem where international scientific and technological organizations collaborate and benefit each other with large-scale scientific research infrastructure, universities and research institutes, and science parks. It has also created a highland for scientific and technological openness and cooperation, as well as an influential international scientific and technological center. Through methods such as field visits, literature research, and case analysis, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the development process, government support measures, institutional operation mechanisms, and achievements of Italy in leading the establishment of international scientific and technological organizations. It summarizes its experience in building international scientific and technological organizations and draws relevant insights.

Analysis of China-Singapore’s Scientific & Technological Innovation (STI) Strength and Cooperation from the Analytical Perspective of Scientific and Technological Evaluation

SHEN Yunyi, MENG Fanchao, HAN Bingyang, REN Xiaoping

2024, 46(5):  664-676.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.03.002

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Singapore is an important neighbor of China. Singapore posses not only a strong innovation strength, a world leading talent competitiveness, but also retains the best innovation ecological environment in the region, and plays a prominent role in conducting the “Belt and Road” Initiative. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Singapore in 1990, the cooperation between the two countries in the fields of trade, finance, investment and scientific & technological innovation(STI) has deepened. China and Singapore have a bilateral cooperation mechanism at a Deputy Prime Minister level, and three government-built projects in Suzhou, Tianjin and Chongqing respectively, as well as a national-level project of Guangzhou Knowledge City. China and Singapore are perspective, strategic and exemplary in their relations. The economy as well as science and technology(S&T) of China and Singapore are highly complementary, which provided a wide scope for high-quality cooperation between the two sides. In this paper, bibliometrics, case study and data analysis were used to summarize the competitiveness in STI of China and Singapore, from the aspects of innovation capability, talent competitiveness and innovation ecological environment. Meanwhile, the progress and current situation of China-Singapore in terms of high-level exchanges, national projects, personnel exchange and training, as well as the scientific research cooperation were also analyzed. Relevant policy suggestions for the next step of promoting China-Singapore allround STI cooperation in the future was eventually put forward.

Comparative Analysis of Open Government Data Research at Domestic and Abroad Based on Bibliometrics

XIE Pengya, REN Zhen

2024, 46(5):  677-689.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.01.004

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With the advent of the information age, opening government data has become increasingly significant at the national and even international levels. A comparative analysis of the research progress of open government data at domestic and abroad is helpful in expanding the research perspective in this field in China. This paper takes the journal papers in the field of open government data at domestic and abroad as the research object, uses the bibliometric method and the visualization analysis method of knowledge graph to conduct a quantitative analysis of the journal papers in the CNKI and Web of Science database. It deeply explores research hotspots, and topic evolution path in the field of open government data at domestic and abroad, as well as identifies the main stages of research development at domestic and abroad. The results indicate that research in the field of open government data began earlier in foreign countries. Through analyzing the research themes and trends at domestic and abroad, it has been concluded that research on the data quality of open government in China lacks a detailed evaluation model. What’s more, attention should be paid to the research of open government data platforms.

Study on the Influencing factors of Patent Jungle of New Energy Vehicle Battery Technology in China

HU Hairong, XU Tian

2024, 46(5):  690-701.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.07.001

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The patent jungle is an important factor affecting the development of China’s new energy vehicle battery technology, and the new energy vehicle industry can only promote technological innovation and win market competitiveness by crossing the patent jungle. Through the analysis of the formation mechanism of the patent jungle, this paper constructs a new index system of influencing factors, and analyzes the influencing factors of the partial least squares method used in new energy vehicle battery patents from 2000 to 2022. The results show that the selected seven indicators have a positive and significant promotion effect on the patent jungle of new energy vehicle battery technology in China, among which the number of cited patents and patent life are very significant, and the number of patents for cooperative research and development, the number of patent collaborators, the number of IPC classification symbols, the number of patents in the same family and the number of claims are generally significant. In this regard, it is suggested that new energy vehicle enterprises should establish a patent navigation and early warning mechanism and strengthen patent citation analysis. Selection of partners and scope of cooperation to facilitate technology sharing; Promote the optimization of patent layout strategy and optimize the patent maintenance fee mechanism; Implement the patent concentration strategy to ensure that new energy vehicle enterprises promote technological innovation and win market competitiveness.