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    25 June 2024, Volume 46 Issue 3
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    Analysis and Implications from the First Global Stocktake Report Series towards the Paris Agreement Goals
    TENG Fei SUN Yuling QU Jiansheng
    2024, 46(3):  277-286.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.12.001
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    Based on seven series of reports recently released by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the International Energy Agency, and the International Renewable Energy Agency, a comprehensive analysis is firstly conducted on the overall progress of global climate action, the transformation of energy systems, and emission reduction progress in critical industries. The Doc_LDA topic model is used for text mining to reveal six key themes essential to achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement: renewable energy and energy efficiency, diversified innovation, carbon emission reduction in critical areas, policy, critical minerals, and international cooperation. The analysis delves further into the problems and gaps in the global climate action process, suggesting directions for future action. Lastly, focusing on China’s fulfillment of the Paris Agreement targets, four enlightening recommendations are proposed: 1) Strengthen the enforcement of climate policies and formulate relevant strategies according to local conditions; 2) Increase investment in climate change-related technology research and development and accelerate the innovation and commercialization of low-carbon technologies; 3) Build a comprehensive climate finance mechanism and standards, and strengthen the deployment of risk management measures; 4) Actively participate in international policy dialogues and cooperation to jointly promote the development and improvement of the global climate governance system.
    Overview of Major Biosafety Policies and Initiatives in the US, UK and EU in the Post-COVID World
    ZHU Xiaoli HUANG Cui WANG Li ZHANG Ji LIANG Huigang
    2024, 46(3):  287-305.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.01.003
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    The COVID-19 pandemic brought shock waves through the world. Strengthening biosafety capabilities has become a highly important issue for all countries in the post-pandemic era. The article summarized a series of initiatives that the United States (US), the United Kingdom(UK) and the European Union(EU) have launched intensively during the pandemic, involving strategic actions, institutional reforms, capacity building, etc. In general, the US, UK and EU have increased strategic investment in biosafety, seeking technological changes to maintain situational awareness of biological threats, and strengthen medical defense capabilities, such as diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics. Notably, the US, UK, and EU have established permanent pandemic coordination and response agencies. In addition, the US, UK and the EU have been trying to release innovative incentives for the markets to deal with the serious risks caused by insufficient R&D pipelines against antimicrobial resistance, beyond increasing the R&D investments. These policies and initiatives of the US, UK and EU are instructive for China, and we need to establish a more comprehensive biosafety strategy with active investment to be prepared for future risks.
    Research on ASEAN’s Cross Border Data Flows System: Process Evolution and Rule Construction
    LIN Zihan
    2024, 46(3):  306-317.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.11.001
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    With the development of 5G, artificial intelligence, blockchain, big data and other digital technologies, ASEAN has begun to pay attention to the impact of the development of the digital economy in the region, in which the security of cross-border data flow has increasingly attracted the attention of ASEAN and its member countries. This article uses qualitative research methods such as literature review to summarize the construction process and rules of cross-border data flows in ASEAN and its major member countries, in order to analyze the problems in ASEAN’s cross-border data flows rules and the challenges they pose to China-ASEAN’s cross-border data flows cooperation. The study found that ASEAN has formed a three-layer rules system from macro to micro in the field of cross-border data flows. Major member countries such as Singapore apply diverse rules to strengthen international integration, while Malaysia will allow cross-border data flows to be included in the “exceptional situation”. At the same time, it is believed that the application of rules within the ASEAN region is relatively chaotic, and the difficulty of internal coordination will increase the compliance costs and potential risks of Chinese enterprises conducting cross-border data flows in ASEAN. Therefore, relevant suggestions are proposed to refine the operational path of China-ASEAN data cross-border flows, strengthen mutual recognition of China-ASEAN data security rules, and explore new ways of China-ASEAN data cross-border flows.
    Informal Mechanisms, Pathways Research and Prospects of Technology Transformation
    LI Chenguang LUO Jie
    2024, 46(3):  318-333.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.01.002
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    In recent years, informal mechanism of technology transfer has attracted significant attention due to its flexible and open mechanisms. However, the existing research of informal technology transfer lacks systematic organization and review. Focusing on the theme of “informal technology transfer”, this study utilizes CiteSpace visualization technology to conduct a quantitative analysis of 161 selected articles from the WOS (Web of Science) and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases, covering the period from 2001 to 2023. The study clarifies the connotation of informal technology transfer, presents the research hotspots, analyzes the mechanisms and pathways of informal technology transfer, and provides an outlook on emerging trends and research opportunities. Firstly, through a literature review, this paper discovers that the connotation of informal technology transfer has not been unified domestically and internationally. However, it can be distinguished from the perspectives of interpersonal interaction, contractual agreements, and transfer agents. Secondly, through textual analysis of existing research, this paper finds that studies related to informal technology transfer cover informal organizations, informal institutions, personal relationships, informal networks, the digital age, the digitalization of enterprises, and internal network structures. Thirdly, the research focus on informal technology transfer has evolved from initially revealing the operational relationships of informal organizations and institutions within and outside organizations to investigating the impact of “informal” factors in the context of the digital age. In addition, this study constructs an analytical framework for the implementation mechanisms and pathways of informal technology transfer, considering process orientation and the influence of internal and external driving factors on different key stakeholders’ involvement. Finally, the paper discusses future research directions for informal technology transfer, aiming to provide references for further in-depth studies in this field.
    Analysis of US “Double-D” Operation Mode and Its Enlightenment to Scientific and Technological Innovation of Military Research Institutes#br#
    YANG Yong JI Xiaoyu
    2024, 46(3):  334-349.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.11.002
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    With the rapid development of China’s economy, China’s technological strength has also made significant improvements. As the main engine for the innovation and development of national defense technology, military research institutes have made tremendous contributions to improving equipment performance and technological innovation in China, and playing a vital role. However, under the overall guidance of the strategy of building a strong country through science and technology, there are certain deficiencies in the technological innovation capabilities of China’s military research institutes compared to relevant organizations in the United States, such as collaborative innovation, generation and management of cutting-edge technology projects, and transformation of achievements. Therefore, this paper takes DARPA and DIU, the pioneers of defense technology innovation in the United States, as the research objects. The unique features and success oaths of DARPA and DIU are identified through analysis through comparative analysis of their organizational structures, operational mode, prominent advantages, and related measures. Based on the current development status of military research institutes, relevant suggestions for scientific and technological innovation in military research institutes are proposed from a macro level. Specific recommendations and measures are proposed from the perspectives of improving the scientific and technological collaborative innovation system, constructing the generation and management mechanism of innovative cutting-edge scientific and technological projects, enriching the strategic research expert committee and improving relevant mechanisms, and playing the role of the expert committee, providing a reference for the development of scientific and technological innovation in military research institutes.
    Research on Ecological Evolution Mechanism and Path of Green Innovation of Leading Enterprises in Traditional Energy Industry
    LI Zhengfeng SHI Lirui CAI Jianfeng
    2024, 46(3):  350-370.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.12.006
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    Green innovation of leading enterprises has a demonstration and radiation effect on promoting green and low-carbon development of enterprises. Based on resource orchestration and niche theory, this paper takes Shaanxi Coal and Chemical Industry Group, a state-owned leading enterprise, and LuBao Coking Group, a private leading enterprise, as case studies, analyzes the internal evolution mechanism of green innovation ecology of leading enterprises in traditional energy industry, and discusses the common characteristics and differentiated performance of leading enterprises with different ownership. The study makes three valuable findings. First, the ecological evolution of leading enterprises’ green innovation can be divided into three stages, dividing the time series interval by key events, and there are obvious differences in institutional logic, resource orchestration and behavior characteristics in different stages. Second, the key factors in the evolution of the green innovation ecology of leading enterprises are environmental response, resource orchestration, innovation ability and value creation. Through the synergy of key factors, the green innovation ecology of enterprises all embodies the common evolution process from state energy accumulation to potential energy improvement to suitability optimization. Third, under the constraints of multiple institutional logics, leading enterprises of different ownership systems show significant differences in the evolution of green innovation ecology: state-owned leading enterprises follow the innovative strategy of active response and promote the advancement of green innovation ecology through the innovation mechanism of “internal integration” of resources; however, private leading enterprises follow the innovation strategy of organizational adaptation, and promote the iterative evolution of green innovation ecology through the innovation mechanism of “extensional expansion” of resources. The conclusion mainly contributes that to promote the evolution of green innovation ecology from the perspective of leading enterprises based on “facilitating scenario-collaborative governance-evolution results”. It also explores new analysis dimensions from the differences in evolution logic, governance model and behavior characteristics between state-owned and private leading enterprises due to the different strategic orientations of green innovation. It provides theoretical support and management enlightenment for the leading enterprises in the traditional energy industry to promote the ecological upgrading of green innovation and achieve green and high-quality development.
    Key Core Technology Identification in a Multidimensional Perspective: Conceptual Analysis and Research Progress
    LI Lu WEI Wei WEN Tingxiao
    2024, 46(3):  371-385.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.12.004
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    In order to summarize the research status of key core technology identification at home and abroad, and provide a reference for further in-depth research on the definition of key core technology concepts and the optimization of identification methods in China, this paper defines the connotation of key core technologies, selects 830 papers from 2016 to 2022 for publication statistics, and introduces industrial elements for literature screening. Based on the domestic pattern and international competition, the research field of key core technologies was limited to data-driven key industries, taking into account the relevance and novelty of research topics, 26 foreign literature and 43 Chinese literature were extracted for qualitative description, the connotation, characteristics and identification methods of key core technologies were summarized and reviewed, the research framework was sorted out and the future development trend was predicted. According to the connotation of key core technologies and the focus of existing research, based on the perspective of technology, strategy and the combination of technology and industrial chain, this paper sorts out the identification methods, common computable features and index measurement methods of key core technologies from three dimensions, and summarizes the current research results. It is believed that in the future, the research on the identification of key core technologies in China should be promoted from three aspects: clearly defining the connotation and extension of key core technologies, establishing a comprehensive index technology identification system based on the full characteristics of key core technologies, and realizing the empirical test of the identification and prediction mechanism of a broader range of key core technologies.
    Research Progress on Identification Methods of Technology Crossing Topics
    ZHANG Xian LI Jiahui
    2024, 46(3):  386-408.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.03.001
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    The Identification of technology-crossing topics is of great significance. This paper analyzes the content of technology-crossing firstly, then reviews the main methods of technology-crossing topic identification. Finally, it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of existing research. The current main methods for technology-crossing topic identification include informetrics, citation analysis, network analysis, text mining, knowledge graph, and machine learning, which involve identifications of weak signals, breakthrough technology and disruptive technology. There are three main characteristics in existing research: 1) transition from morphological metrics to text content analysis; 2) association analysis and text mining methods becoming mainstream; 3) comprehensive application of multiple methods and technologies. Future research should strengthen the identification of micro-level thematic features, integrate multiple research methods innovatively, enhance the integration of multivariate data, and develop key technologies for the fusion and application of heterogeneous bigdata in multiple fields.
    Dynamic Quantitative Evaluation of China’s International Science and Technology Cooperation Policies Based on PMC Index Model
    ZHAI Yunkai LI Fangcao LIU Yue
    2024, 46(3):  409-425.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.12.005
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    The international scientific and technological cooperation environment has undergone tremendous changes under the new development pattern. Evaluation and reflection on past international scientific and technological cooperation policies can provide important support for improving international scientific and technological cooperation policies under the “dual cycle”. This article takes 199 international science and technology cooperation policies issued at the national level from 1978 to 2022 as the research object, uses Python technology to conduct text mining and co-occurrence analysis to capture the characteristics of policy texts, and combines the setting of policy evaluation indicators in existing literature to construct an international science and technology cooperation policy. PMC index model of cooperation policies, and dynamically select 18 sample policies from different development stages of international scientific and technological cooperation for quantitative evaluation. The results show that among the 18 international science and technology cooperation policies, 3 are perfect, 6 are excellent,9 are excellent, and there are no acceptable or bad policies. However, the microanalysis index scores found that there is still an imbalance in the issuing agency and an insufficient policy nature, problems such as single policy perspective, vague policy focus, neglect of private objects and insufficient use of policy tools; the policy quality scores of the different development stages of international scientific and technological cooperation are from high to low: innovative development stage > steady recovery stage > rapid advancement stage > In the comprehensive improvement stage, the main differences stem from the different needs for policy types, policy nature, policy perspectives and policy priorities in different periods.
    Analysis of Global Hydrogen Energy Industry Technological Innovation Trends from Patent Perspective
    YANG Xinyu LI Zhao CAO Fengxia
    2024, 46(3):  426-437.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2024.02.001
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    Hydrogen energy, as a strategic emerging industry and future industry in China, has become an important part of the new quality production forces. Based on the data of hydrogen energy industry invention patents disclosed in the past 20 years, this paper comprehensively analyzes the innovation trend of hydrogen energy industry patents from dimensions such as patent publication trends, industry chain distribution, regional distribution, innovation subjects, and key technologies. The results show that the global hydrogen energy industry is in a rapid development stage, with China showing strong momentum. In the global hydrogen energy industry, invention patents are primarily concentrated in the middle of the industry chain, while in China, they are mainly concentrated in the upstream of the industry chain, with the middle and downstream relatively weak. China, Japan, and the United States are the main battlegrounds for patent layouts in the hydrogen energy industry, with China becoming the country with the most invention patents in the global hydrogen energy industry layout. Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, and Jiangsu rank among the top tier of China in terms of the number of invention patents in the hydrogen energy industry. The automotive and electrical giants in Japan, South Korea, and other countries are leading the global hydrogen energy industry in technological innovation, and China is represented by research institutes, enterprises, and universities such as the Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sinopec and Tsinghua University. Hydrogen production via water electrolysis, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, bipolar plates, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are hotspots for patent layouts in the hydrogen energy industry. Finally, based on the patent analysis results, suggestions are proposed to accelerate the innovation development of China’s hydrogen energy industry and cultivate new quality production forces in the hydrogen energy sector.