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    25 August 2023, Volume 45 Issue 4
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    Preface to the Joint Special Issue Basic Research
    CHEN Gang
    2023, 45(4):  407-407. 
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    Governance of National Strategic Science and Technology Force Focusing on Basic Research Experience and Enlightenment from the United States, Germany and Japan
    WANG Teng GUAN Zhongcheng ZHENG Haijun LOU Yuanyu
    2023, 45(4):  410-422.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2022.10.003
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    In recent years, China attaches great importance to the critical role of national strategic science and technology force in accelerating the catch-up of basic science. However, problems such as the unclear orientation of basic research and Impetuous study style among different research subjects are becoming increasingly prominent. While combining the national conditions with the right medicine, it is necessary to refer to the development experience of European and American scientific and technological powers to avoid detours. To this end, this paper constructs an analysis framework for national strategic science and technology force governance. It conducts case studies on the governance practices of basic research in the United States, Germany, and Japan from the perspective of internal and external governance. The findings are as follows:(1)the government implements clear and differentiated management of national research institutes and research universities in terms of funding allocation and research intervention;(2)gives full play to the leading role of strategic science and technology force through various forms of basic research support;(3)in order to face the forefront of science and technology in the world, give full play to the role of evaluation through some evaluation mechanisms, such as open and transparent ones, and differentiated application of results, and establish a regular consultation and review system of international advisory panels composed of top scientists at home and abroad. Finally, based on the above conclusions, the policy suggestions of strengthening basic research of national strategic science and technology forces are put forward.

    New Trend of Developed Countries Strengthening National Strategic Talent Force Development in Context of Great Power Competition
    FANG Xiaodong DONG Yu
    2023, 45(4):  423-435.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.07.002
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    In the context of great power competition, analyzing and assessing the new trends of developed countries in building a strong and optimized national strategic talent force can provide references for China to accelerate the development of a national strategic talent force capable of shouldering the historical mission of achieving high-level technological selfreliance and self-strengthening. Based on a brief analysis of the fundamental characteristics of national strategic talent force, this paper comprehensively analyzes the breakthrough, targeted, and practical policies and measures introduced by the United States, Japan, Britain, France, Germany, South Korea, Spain, Russia, Israel, Singapore, and other developed countries to consolidate the foundation of their strategic talent force from the perspective of talent training, talent introduction, and talent retention. Combined with the existing problems and deficiencies of talent work in China, this paper puts forward three suggestions: Exploring and innovating mechanisms for independent cultivation of a national strategic talent force; Implementing flexible and diversified, pragmatic and open, and talent-oriented mechanisms for talent attraction; Making efforts to create an institutional environment that embraces diversity and sincerely retains talent without constraints.
    Research on the Formation and Management Mechanism of Scientific Research Projects Oriented to “No-Man's-Land Innovation” Based on Domestic and Foreign Practices
    SUN Haolin ZHANG Yiyan LIU Xu
    2023, 45(4):  436-447.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2022.09.004
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    Carrying out “no-man's-land innovation” is an important support for China to enter the forefront of innovative countries. In contrast, the traditional scientific research project formation and management mechanism cannot effectively support relevant domestic entities to explore the scientific research no man's land, and it is urgent to transform from “project-centered” to “human-centered”. According to the concreteness of research objectives of scientific research projects, this paper further divides “no-man's-land innovation” into three categories: basic research of free exploration, research on disruptive technologies, and research on core technologies. By analyzing the foreign and domestic new formation and management mechanism of scientific research projects oriented to “no man's land innovation”, the common characteristics are summarized. Finally, three suggestions are put forward for the reform of China's scientific research project system and mechanism, that is, to design project selection and support mechanisms according to the characteristics of different types of scientific research activities, to establish a more flexible project supervision and evaluation mechanism, and to pay attention to the cultivation of researchers and project managers.
    Comparative Analysis of Basic Scientific Research in the Four Bay Area Based on the Knowledge Mapping Perspective
    ZHANG Ziyu ZHANG Yi ZHOU Shanshan
    2023, 45(4):  448-460.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2022.08.005
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    This paper makes a keyword co-occurrence analysis on the scientific and technological papers published in four bay areas from the knowledge mapping perspective. The research finding shows that the four bay areas focus on studies of the pathological mechanisms and treatment of new corona pneumonia and the cardio cerebrovascular epidemics. Through the analysis of each bay area, it is found that the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area devotes to the field of information technology and material science, the Tokyo Bay Area focuses on the field of clinical medical treatment, the New York Bay Area focuses on the research field of pathological mechanism and prevention and treatment of non-communicable epidemics in the United States, and San Francisco Bay area devotes itself to the field of natural science. Based on the analysis results, this study shows that the possible future research directions of the four bay areas are information technology, epidemic prevention and treatment, and climatology. This study also suggests that the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area should grasp the mainstream research direction, make up for its weaknesses, and seek to realise the transformation of scientific research output from “quantity” to “quality”.
    Research Status, Hot and Trends in the Field of Basic Research Management
    ZHU Xiangyu YANG Yang GUO Zhizhen
    2023, 45(4):  461-475.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2022.11.002
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    Basic research is the source of the whole scientific system, and the global competition in science and technology is moving forward to basic research. In this paper,643 papers in the field of basic research funding and management from 1992 to 2021 collected in the Web of Science database are selected as research samples, and the Scientific Knowledge Graph approach is used to reveal the research status, hot spots, and trends in this field. To provide an academic reference for the theory and practice of basic research funding and management in China. The research shows that the current research hotspots in this field are mainly the dialectical relationship between basic research and applied research, the input of basic research, the output of basic research and subjects of basic research, and bibliometric analysis, scientometric analysis, and data envelopment analysis are widely used. Future research in this field may focus on the dialectical interaction between basic research and applied research, the subject of basic research and its cooperative development, and the impact of basic research activities and influencing factors.
    Researches on Construction System and Relevant Suggestions of Provincial Laboratories in China
    SONG Shanshan ZHONG Yongheng LIU Jia ZHAO Zhanyi
    2023, 45(4):  476-491.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2022.10.005
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    The provincial laboratories are scientific and technological innovation platforms built by the provinces for national strategic objectives and provincial strategic needs, focusing on major scientific frontiers, scientific and technological tasks, and critical core technology breakthroughs. First, this study analyzes the development process and construction situation of provincial laboratories in China. It concludes that the provinces adhere to the “two-wheel drive” construction model of scientific and technological innovation and institutional innovation. More than 100 provincial laboratories have been established and constructed in China, and a series of construction and operation experiences and institutional innovation achievements have been achieved. Secondly, based on innovation ecosystem theory, this study summarizes the essential elements involved in the construction system of provincial laboratories from four aspects: innovation goals, innovation subjects, innovation networks, and innovation environments. Combined with PDCA cycle management theory, this study analyzes vital problems to be solved in the construction system of provincial laboratories. Finally, the current dilemma of provincial laboratories construction is analyzed, and the provincial laboratory’s high-quality development and national science and technology innovation system optimization can be effectively promoted through means such as optimizing top-level design, strengthening subjects’ responsibility, improving management system, innovating operation mechanisms, improving evaluation system and other ways.
    Japan's FOREST Project and Its Implications for China's Science Foundation Management
    MA Rongkang ZHANG Naihui TANG Fujie ZHANG Xiangping SUN Yutao
    2023, 45(4):  492-500.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.05.003
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    In January 2020, the Japanese government held the 28th Comprehensive Science, Technology, and Innovation Conference and reviewed and approved the “Comprehensive Measures Plan for Strengthening Research Capabilities and Supporting Young Researchers”, aiming to make basic research work an attractive career. The plan proposes establishing the Fusion Oriented REsearch for disruptive Science and Technology (FOREST) project for a maximum of 10 years, centered on young researchers, to support original research to create disruptive scientific and technological achievements. This paper analyzes the organization, operation mode, and implementation status of the FOREST project in Japan. It proposes insights and suggestions for China’s science foundation to strengthen basic research: 1) Establishing the Breakthrough Research Program, which supports “encouraging exploration and highlighting originality”; 2) Establishing a unique management mechanism for the Breakthrough Research Program, and setting up an open and long-term expert review panel for each academic department; 3) Implementing long-cycle funding for the Breakthrough Research Program, and dividing the funding period into three phases of“3 + 4 + 3”and a maximum of ten years; 4) Relaxing the title and age requirements for the Breakthrough Research Program; 5) Implementing flexible management of budgets and funding for the Breakthrough Research Program.
    Semiconductor Industry Development Strategy of Israel and Its Implications for China
    XU Mingyu YANG Xianghao LIU Yun
    2023, 45(4):  501-508.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.07.007
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    Israel is the new center of global semiconductor R&D and occupies an important position in the global semiconductor industry chain. This paper firstly combs through the development history of Israel's semiconductor industry, secondly analyzes the development of Israel's semiconductor industry chain and the unique mode of attacking for the key core technology of semiconductors, and summarizes the characteristics of the development strategy of Israel's semiconductor industry from the perspective of innovation ecology. Finally, according to the experience of Israel’s semiconductor industry development, this study puts forward China's development of the semiconductor industry and the solution to the semiconductor industry's “necklace” problem by drawing on the experience of Israel's semiconductor industry development, aiming to provide a reference for China to win the battle of semiconductor key technologies. According to the study, Israel has formed a semiconductor industry innovation ecosystem oriented by market demand, based on government policies and innovative talents, and with the industry-university-research alliance as the core. Accordingly, China should give full play to the advantages of the new national system, unify the semiconductor industry development strategy deployment, improve the venture capital system, strengthen the construction of semiconductor innovation alliance, and optimize the talent cultivation system. Accordingly, it is recommended that China should take advantage of the new national system, unify the deployment of the semiconductor industry development strategy, improve the venture capital system, strengthen the construction of a semiconductor innovation alliance, and optimize the talent training system.
    Trend Analysis of Advanced Materials Development and Suggestions for China
    WAN Yong DONG Jinxin FENG Ruihua HUA Xia HUANG Jian
    2023, 45(4):  501-517.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.07.001
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    As the pilot and cornerstone of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, advanced materials significantly promote technological innovation, facilitate industrial transformation and upgrading, and safeguarding national security. Thus, they are considered as strategic commanding heights of global economic and technological competition. This paper reviewed the strategic policy trends of developed countries in recent years and summarized the development trend of materials science and technology. Through selecting frontier fields in advanced materials, such as design and simulation, preparation and processing, characterization, device fabrication, and recycling, it listed the important progress made by some developed countries in an innovative development chain from “raw materials”, “primary materials” to “devices”. By focusing on the strategic planning, development trends, and research progress in developed countries, some suggestions are put forward, from emphasizing frontier basic fields, highlighting problem-oriented research, and coordinating various institutions to assist the innovative development of advanced materials technology in China.
    Current Situation and Enlightens of Basic Research of Global Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    HAO Qiaoli WANG Liangwei ZHAO Yanqiang LI Yinjie QIU Huabing
    2023, 45(4):  518-529.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2023.05.004
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    Strengthening basic research to enhance the ability of source innovation is a major strategic decision made by the Party Central Committee. Studying the status quo of global basic research on magnetic resonance imaging will help our country to break through the technical problem of high-end equipment stuck in the neck. Engineering technical papers are the main form of achievement in basic research. Papers in engineering and instrumentation disciplines are measured and visualized using CiteSpace, to investigate changes in research interest, key research topics, hot technical areas, and cutting-edge technology directions for basic research on magnetic resonance imaging. Finally, three suggestions are put forward to empower the innovation and development of magnetic resonance in our country, including that pay attention to opportunity research and top-level planning, strengthening the collaborative innovation system under the leadership of the government; focusing on basic research and common technologies, and strengthen key product research and development and insurance for major diseases; aim at precision medicine and intelligent medicine, and speed up to seize the commanding heights of technology and industry, based on the current status and trends of the global basic research on magnetic resonance applications.