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    25 October 2021, Volume 43 Issue 5
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    Analysis of Blockchain Technology Patent and Its Layout
    WANG Jingxian YAN Yafei HE Xiao
    2021, 43(5):  497-510.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2020.12.027
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    With the booming development of blockchain technology, the application of blockchain technology has been extended to many fields, such as digital finance, Internet of Things, intelligent manufacturing, management of supply chain, digital asset trading and so on. The number of global patent applications is increasing year by year in order to gain a competitive position in technology and market. Taking the Derwent innovation platform as the data source, and with the help of Excel, DDA (Derwent data analyzer), DI (Derwent innovation) and Incopat as the data processing tools, this paper makes a global and domestic application situation analysis of patents in the field of blockchain technology, and further excavates and analyzes the core technologies, high-value patents and key research institutions in the field of blockchain technology. The results show that the global patent application in the field of blockchain technology is developing rapidly, and the distribution of countries/regions continues to expand. China is the main source country and market country of technology in this field, and its key institutions mainly distribute patents in the domestic market. However, the highly cited patents are generally from the United States, and its key institutions have a wide distribution around the world, indicating that the United States has strong strength in the core technology. Through the analysis of the core technology in the field of blockchain, it is found that patents mainly focusing on the digital information processing and transmission technology. The hot fields include identity authentication, smart contract, public and private keys and hash algorithm. The highly cited patents mostly involve validation and recordation of virtual asset transactions, authentication and verification of digital data and digital signatures, etc. China should pay attention to the research and development of the underlying technology, and actively grasp the layout of hot technology, so as to build China’s core competitiveness in this field. 
    Research on the Development of Digital Currency Based on Blockchain Technology
    TENG Fei MA Xiaomin
    2021, 43(5):  511-522.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2021.01.006
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    Under the dual pressure of the economic crisis and technological change, major changes have taken place in the global monetary and financial system. This paper uses bibliometrics to analyze the topics of digital currency based on blockchain technology aiming to grasp the current situation and research content of digital currency. The results show that digital currency research is in a rapid development stage and the regional characteristics are obvious. The security and privacy of digital currency, blockchain technology consensus algorithms, the energy consumption of the blockchain in the mining process, transactions security based on Ethernet and smart contracts, financial supervision of digital currencies, and machine learning are the main research contents of blockchain technology in the application of digital currency. In the future, blockchain technology will face severe challenges, including the research of encryption technology, the security of smart contracts, consensus mechanisms, scalability, and financial supervision. This article is expected to provide guidance and suggestions for the future development and policy formulation of blockchain technology in the digital economy.
    Research on Patent Concentration Measurement of China’s Blockchain Technology Based on HHI Index and E Index
    HU Hairong SHI Bingqi ZHOU Mengrong
    2021, 43(5):  523-534.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2021.07.001
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    With the continuous expansion of application fields, blockchain technology has received extensive attention from the whole society. This paper uses the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the entropy index to measure and analyze the patent concentration of China's blockchain technology patent holders, various branches, and provinces. The results show that China's blockchain technology patents are generally decentralized, but the concentration degrees of patents in the branches of blockchain technology are significantly different. Among them, the patents of data layer and application layer technologies are more scattered, and the patents of incentive layer technologies are more concentrated. The concentration degrees of blockchain technology patents in various provinces and cities are different. The patents in the eastern region are more scattered, but the patents in the western region are more concentrated. In response to the conclusions of the analysis, the government should introduce policies to avoid excessive concentration and decentralization of patents. Among them, the eastern region should promote the formation of patent pools, integrate blockchain technology resources, and the western region should strengthen the transfer and transformation of patent results, and promote technology to flow toward the market. Companies should make breakthroughs in incentive layer technology to increase R&D efforts, and appropriately promote patent concentration in the data layer and application layer. Universities, research institutes and enterprises should jointly conduct research and establish a cooperative and sharing technological innovation system.
    Research Review on Biological Swarm Intelligence Algorithm in Mobile Robot Path Planning
    LI Qiongqiong BU Shengqiang YANG Jiafu
    2021, 43(5):  535-546.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2021.04.004
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    Path planning of mobile robot is to plan a collision-free path between the starting point and the target point in an environment with obstacles, which is the basis of navigation and motion control. Biological swarm intelligence algorithm is widely used in the path planning of mobile robots, UAVs, unmanned ships and unmanned vehicles because of the intelligent and optimal characteristics of the population. In this paper, according to the bionic principle of different biological groups, the biological swarm intelligence algorithm is divided into function bionic algorithm, information bionic algorithm and composition (chemical substance) bionic algorithm. Based on the research and analysis of all kinds of algorithms, the problems, solutions and performances of biological swarm intelligence algorithm in the process of mobile robot path planning are summarized. Based on the accuracy and real-time requirements of mobile robot path planning, the adaptive search algorithm of biological population balance, edge algorithm and cloud network fusion technology are proposed, which will be the research hotspot of mobile robot path planning. 
    Analysis on the Development Strategies and Trends of Carbon-based Electronics
    WANG Lina TANG Chuan XU Jing
    2021, 43(5):  547-558.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2021.04.002
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    At present, the development of Moore's Law is encountering both technical and cost bottlenecks, the traditional silicon-based electronics technology is approaching the development limit. With the advantages of small size, fast speed, low power consumption, carbon-based electronics has become one of the alternative semiconductor technologies with great development potential. Many national government agencies and large companies have funded carbon-based electronics. This paper reviews the strategic planning and project deployment of carbon-based electronics in major countries and regions such as United States, European Union, United Kingdom, and Japan in recent years, analyzes the development status and trends of the three major carbon-based electronics technologies: graphene electronics, carbon nanotube electronics and silicon carbide electronics. Finally, suggestions are proposed for the development of China's carbon-based electronics, specifically including that China should formulate a development strategy for carbon-based electronics,  improve the top-level layout; further integrate advantageous resources, establish a joint research network among industry, academia and research institutes, and make breakthroughs in the industrialization of key carbon-based electronics technologies.
    Analysis of EU Wind Energy Research Projectsin Horizon 2020
    LIAO Changxin XIE Zhe HAO Junjie YAN Yanhong
    2021, 43(5):  559-574.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2021.05.003
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    The paper selects the EU’s wind energy research projects in Horizon 2020, establishes a wind energy industry custom dictionary and utilizes natural language processing (NLP) methods to extract project keywords. Using bibliometrics methods and visualization tools, knowledge maps are drawn, and project theme clustering, research hotspots and development trends, etc., are analyzed. It is found that the hot themes of the projects include ICT, rotor and blade structure, innovative concept design models for wind turbine, and many other wind energy related technologies such as electrical, control, sensing, detection, wind resources and site selection, robot operation and maintenance etc. Since 2018, wind energy research themes such as digital transformation, digital maps, satellite image, marine robots, mooring system, and predictive maintenance have received more attention. The EU wind energy industry has formed a wind energy innovation ecosystem, with SIEMENS, DANMARKS TEKNISKE UNIVERSITET, TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITEIT DELFT, FRAUNHOFER, KATHOLIEKE UNIVERSITEIT LEUVEN as the core. In the context of the "carbon peak and carbon neutrality" goal, China's wind energy industry will embrace larger development opportunities. In the end, this article puts forward suggestions on strengthening innovation cooperation with the EU's wind energy industry, expanding the coverage of innovation content, stimulating the innovation vitality of SMEs, and nourishing the innovation ecosystem of China's wind energy industry.
    Trends of Basic Research and Frontier Research and Interdisciplinary in 2020
    LIU Xiaoping LV Fengxian
    2021, 43(5):  575-592.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2021.05.004
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    Basic research is the source of scientific and technological innovation. This paper focuses on the development trend of the frontiers of basic research in the interdisciplinary field, and analyzes the relevant strategies and plans of major countries in 2020 from the fields of mathematics and its interdisciplinary, physics and its interdisciplinary, chemistry and its interdisciplinary, and nanotechnology. In maths and its cross fields, this study focuses on the connection between mathematics and computer science; In physics and its cross fields, this study focuses on condensed matter physics, atomic and molecular physics and optical physics, particle physics and nuclear physics, and astrophysics; in Chemistry and its intersection, this study focuses on synthetic chemistry, quantum chemistry, chemical biology and energy chemistry; in Nanotechnology this study focuses on the characterization and preparation of carbon nanotubes, the synthesis of nanostructures, nano metal materials and nano devices. The results show that the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Japan and China have increased investment in basic research. The United States and the United Kingdom strengthen the transformation of basic research achievements through the reform of basic research funding institutions. In 2020, quantum information science and artificial intelligence are still the focus of attention of all countries. In addition, the United States attaches great importance to semiconductor, nuclear fusion and plasma science. The European Union continues to adjust its particle physics program. The United Kingdom invests heavily in mathematics and physics talents at home and abroad. The trend of interdisciplinary integration continues to be maintained within and between disciplines. Computational science is the common interdisciplinary field of the four fields discussed in this paper. The foundation of discipline development, international cooperation and the interaction of multiple elements of large scientific devices jointly promote the development of macro and micro physics. In the development of chemistry and nanotechnology, it is necessary to extract common basic research problems. As for the shortages of extensive discussion on the development of basic research of quantum information technology and artificial intelligence, and the research frontier proposed by the international and domestic researchers, the decisionmakers need to clarify the order of shortcomings as well as deploy the basic research frontiers suitable for China’s conditions with a wide range of stakeholders.
    Research on the Patent Trend of OLED Technology
    GUO Chen JIN Yinxue WANG Lu WU Xiaoyun TIAN Weiping
    2021, 43(5):  592-604.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2021.05.001
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    As one of the few hundred-billion-dollar industries in the electronic information field, Smart Display is one of the key development directions of strategic emerging industries in the era of informationization and intelligence. As a high-threshold technology industry, technological innovation is the driving force for the sustainable development of the industry. Patents can most intuitively reflect the output of industrial technological innovation. This article uses patent information analysis methods to analyze the patent situation of the OLED panel display industry, including patent application trends, patent application countries, patent applicants, patent technology distribution, core patents and technology roadmaps, etc. It is found that the current research on OLED panel display technology is still in a relatively active stage. Although the number of OLED patent applications in China is comparable to that of the United States, Japan, and South Korea, and even surpassed them in certain subdivisions, the scale effect thereof needs to be improved. The innovation and leading ability in OLED display technology of China is relatively weak, lacks core basic patents in the upstream and downstream industrial chain, and is constrained by OLED flat panel display companies in Japan, the United States, and South Korea.
    The Impact of Biden’s Climate and Energy Policy Proposition on China and its Suggestions and Countermeasures
    TANG Yun CHEN Wei
    2021, 43(5):  605-615.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2021.06.001
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    Joe Biden, as the new president of the United States, attaches great importance to climate change and sets out an ambitious "clean energy revolution plan" to deal with the climate crisis, announcing to return to the Paris climate agreement to ensure that the United States will achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. This paper interprets the key points of Biden's "clean energy revolution plan" and its climate policy propositions, and makes a retrospective analysis of the development history of American energy policy to probe deeply into the Biden administration's climate and energy propositions. In terms of energy policy, the study found that Biden continues the consistent position and proposition of the Democratic Party to support clean energy revolution, holding the same basic position with the Obama era, but there are important changes in two aspects: First, the United States has achieve energy independence, which will bring more wiggle room for the Biden government and subsequent governments to make domestic and foreign policy choices, and its strategic means will be less restricted by energy factors; Second, the Biden government will pay more attention to the core role of clean energy technology innovation, with the help of the source innovation advantage and scientific and technology leadership of the United States, lead the formulation of a new set of rules of the game, reform the international energy governance system under the new situation, firmly control the international discourse power to obtain the maximum benefits, and further strengthen the use of scientific and technological advantages to suppress major competitors. Then, this paper analyzes its influence on the world energy pattern and the future development of China, which mainly includes: 1) the differences in the cognition and behavior of climate change will cause future Sino-US frictions; 2) wariness of China will intensify competition between the United States and China in climate-related innovative technologies; 3) the U.S. may form a coalition of "democratic countries" to continuously exert pressure on China. In view of this, some policy suggestions for China are put forward: According to the new development pattern of "Dual Circulation", China should accelerate the independent innovation and application of key technologies of clean energy; accelerate the establishment of national independent innovation demonstration zone for multi-energy integration, and contribute solutions to China's goal of achieving carbon peak and carbon neutral; deeply integrate digital technology and energy technology to build China's smart energy system; deeply participate in global cooperation, and actively participate in international energy cooperation The reform of energy source management system will create a good external environment for China's energy transformation; opening a new model of cooperation between China and the United States and share responsibilities to lead the global transition to green and low-carbon energy and combat climate change.
    The Evolution Process, Characteristics and Enlightenment of French National Innovation System
    FANG Xiaodong DONG Yu
    2021, 43(5):  616-632.  doi:10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2021.01.018
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    The experiences of representative scientific and technological powers in establishing, completing, and improving the national innovation system can provide reference for China to construct a national innovation system that adapts to the new pattern of "dual circulation" economic development and the needs of national defense modernization during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period. This article, firstly, reviews and comparatively analyzes the understanding and definition of the national innovation system by different scholars at home and abroad. Secondly, taking World War II as the starting point in time, this paper studies the evolution of the French national innovation system. It is found that the construction of the French national innovation system has gone through four phases that may be slightly staggered: from 1939 to 1957, France vigorously developed scientific research; from 1958 to 1989, France accelerated the construction of a system for science and technology planning, evaluation, consultation, and achievement transformation; from 1990 to 2014, France promoted the reform of the national science and technology system; from 2015 to present, France is advancing in multiple ways to defend its status as a world's scientific and technological power. Finally, based on the evolution characteristics and practical experience of the French national innovation system, combined with China’s national conditions and the current status of innovation system construction, four enlightening suggestions are put forward: Explore and implement a classification evaluation mechanism and a differentiated index system; Build a demand-oriented multi-dimensional guarantee mechanism for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements; Optimize and improve the R&D investment and allocation mechanism; Speed up the top-level design of the large-scale development of new scientific research organization models.