With the application of biometric technology to different scenarios, the security of personal information caused by biometric identification has become a significant concern. Through literature research and other qualitative research methods, we conclude the application of biometric technology to scenarios as well as the dilemma which it results and then analyze the international organizations and major economies’ policies on the governance of personal information based on biometric technology collection, and find that international organizations mainly start from the principle regulation and use "international soft law" to regulate the use of smart technology at the macro level. At major economic levels, the European Union (EU) has built a strict governance system, the United States emphasizes pragmatic bottom-up legislation, while Japan and Korea have formulated personal information protection policies according to their respective situations, and China has tried to achieve a balance point between efficiency and security. At the same time, using the comparative analysis research method, we compare the current regulatory policies on biometric technology in Europe, America, and other main countries with those in China, and then advise that China can learn from the practices mentioned above, to improve the mechanism of authorized consent, and regulate biometric technology by scenario and level.

Preventing pandemic and defending against biological threats is one of the priorities of U.S. defense security. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) continues to deploy disruptive technology research and development to deal with major infectious diseases in the future. This paper takes the relevant projects deployed by DARPA in the field of major infectious diseases from 2011 to 2020 as the research object, combs the project objectives, project investment and the main disruptive technologies involved, and then analyzes the characteristics of DARPA’s deployment of disruptive technologies in this field. The study found that DARPA deployed a variety of disruptive technologies in the field of infectious diseases, such as gene editing, RNA vaccine, neutralizing antibody, detection of trace pathogens in the environment and so on. Since 2016, DARPA has significantly increased the number of projects deployed in this field and paid more attention to the early prevention and control of major infectious diseases; focuses on prevention, and a total of 9 projects have been set up in diagnosis and prevention; It is committed to investing in the early stage of basic research and technology development in the field of infectious diseases, and accelerating and expanding the application of engineering and Information Science in the biological field. In this regard, some suggestions are put forward, including: increasing the deployment and investment of key technologies in the field of major infectious diseases; Strengthen the identification, prediction and collaborative deployment of disruptive technologies; Strengthen the monitoring and defense against the threat of large-scale bioterrorism; Promote the transfer of dual-use technologies and strengthen the management and monitoring of dual-use technologies.

Species safety risks brought by the development of modern biotechnology have become an essential topic for urgent consideration in national biosecurity. Species diversity risk, species quality risk, species habitat risk, and risk from alien species invasion are crucial representations of species safety risks of modern biotechnology. The limited scientific cognition ability, the negative values caused by technological alienation, and the limitation of STI risk governance ability are the important causes of species safety risks. In order to strengthen species safety risk management and promote the healthy development of modern biotechnology, the “government-science community-civil society” should form a flexible governance model with equal interaction and democratic consultation among multiple actors. Specifically, the government should clarify the leading position of governance, improve the national species safety strategy, relevant laws and institutional systems and inter-ministerial coordination mechanism to enhance the risk governance capacity; the scientific community should actively assume social responsibility, promote the Scientific Spirit, adhere to Responsible Innovation and improve the institutionalized consultation and dialogue mechanism to enhance the voice; civil society should actively participate in STI governance process through strengthening the support of non-governmental organizations, effectively playing the role of the media, and safeguarding and exercising public rights in order to exert the role of monitoring and feedback.