Under the background of China's "dual carbon" goal and high-quality development strategy, correctly grasping the main direction of China's future energy development and deploying strategic decisions is the key to helping China gain international competitive advantages and seize the development opportunities in the future energy field. Based on data from 2017-2021 on future-oriented government plans, science and technology plans and think tank reports in the energy sector of significant economies in the world, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Australia and the European Union, this paper systematically compares the future directions of critical concerns, specific practices and successful experiences of each major economy in the energy sector, and makes some suggestions for the future development and system transformation of energy in China: 1) Comprehensively assess China's energy resource structure and consumption structure and the current status of research and development, and develop a future energy deployment and development route that is consistent with China's national conditions; 2) Fully sort out and evaluate the problems in the energy field from basic research to all links of the industrialization chain, so as to target the problems and pave the way for the efficient development of future energy; 3) Comprehensively research the organizational models and operational mechanisms of energy management agencies around the world to provide a favorable policy environment for the future development of energy.