In the face of great changes that have not occurred in a century, improving the country’s overall scientific and technological innovation capacity through optimizing the construction of scientific and technological innovation systems and regulations has become the key to the game of major powers. Research on the Bayh-Dole Act, which was also born during a critical historical period and focuses on the ownership of federally funded scientific and technological achievements, has significant practical significance for the ongoing reform and exploration of the sharing mechanism for scientific and technological achievements in China. This article starts from a process perspective by analyzing the historical background and evolution trend of the birth of the Bayh-Dole Act, exploring its special parliamentary review process and reasons, and revealing the key drivers and changes that affect the legislative adoption of the Bayh-Dole Act; Summarize the inspiration of the legislative process of the Bayh-Dole Act on China’s science and technology policy formulation from both positive and negative aspects; Based on the ongoing reform of the ownership of job scientific and technological achievements in China, it is proposed to include professional institutions in the pilot work system.