In the context of great power competition, analyzing and assessing the new trends of developed countries in building a strong and optimized national strategic talent force can provide references for China to accelerate the development of a national strategic talent force capable of shouldering the historical mission of achieving high-level technological selfreliance and self-strengthening. Based on a brief analysis of the fundamental characteristics of national strategic talent force, this paper comprehensively analyzes the breakthrough, targeted, and practical policies and measures introduced by the United States, Japan, Britain, France, Germany, South Korea, Spain, Russia, Israel, Singapore, and other developed countries to consolidate the foundation of their strategic talent force from the perspective of talent training, talent introduction, and talent retention. Combined with the existing problems and deficiencies of talent work in China, this paper puts forward three suggestions: Exploring and innovating mechanisms for independent cultivation of a national strategic talent force; Implementing flexible and diversified, pragmatic and open, and talent-oriented mechanisms for talent attraction; Making efforts to create an institutional environment that embraces diversity and sincerely retains talent without constraints.