Ensuring the new development pattern with the new security pattern is an important strategic arrangement made by the Party’s Twenty National Congress. Science and technology security is an important part of the overall national security concept. The legislation on technology security control should strike a balance between science and technology development. The regulatory focus of American technology safety control legislation is “emerging technology and basic technology”. It carries out precise control through the system design of licensing exception and temporary control, implements dynamic and specialized cross-departmental technology identification procedures, and adopts linkage arrangements with foreign investment security review. Its institutional experience has certain reference significance for the improvement of Chinese technology safety control legislation. Based on the requirements of scientific and technological security, our country should focus on the protection of key core technologies to improve technical safety control legislation and strengthen the system by establishing the licensing exception system, the cross-departmental technology identification mechanism, and the dynamic list management mechanism. At the same time, strengthen the linkage arrangement with foreign investment security review legislation and anti-sanction legislation to strengthen the control effect.