Since the implementation of the National Quantum Initiative Act in December 2018 and the adoption of the CHIPS and Science Act in August 2022, the U. S. Federal R&D investment in quantum technology has increased by 25% every year. The research draws on the experience of U. S. quantum science and technology R&D layout. It puts forward suggestions for China’s construction of national laboratories and new R&D institutions, aiming to provide a reference for China to strengthen its national strategic scientific and technological strength and improve its new national-wide system. Results show that the United States has formed a quantum strategic R&D layout with “top-level coordination as the guide, permanent institutions as the cornerstone, newly established institutions as the backbone, and industrial consortia as the supplement”. It is suggested that China lay a solid foundation on strategic scientific and technological forces such as the National Laboratory, flexibly support new R&D institutions, establish a top-level coordination and consultation mechanism, and accelerate the establishment of enterprise innovation consortia.

Quantum Strategy, National Laboratory, New R&D Institutions, CHIP and Science Act, United States