Preventing pandemic and defending against biological threats is one of the priorities of U.S. defense security. The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) continues to deploy disruptive technology research and development to deal with major infectious diseases in the future. This paper takes the relevant projects deployed by DARPA in the field of major infectious diseases from 2011 to 2020 as the research object, combs the project objectives, project investment and the main disruptive technologies involved, and then analyzes the characteristics of DARPA’s deployment of disruptive technologies in this field. The study found that DARPA deployed a variety of disruptive technologies in the field of infectious diseases, such as gene editing, RNA vaccine, neutralizing antibody, detection of trace pathogens in the environment and so on. Since 2016, DARPA has significantly increased the number of projects deployed in this field and paid more attention to the early prevention and control of major infectious diseases; focuses on prevention, and a total of 9 projects have been set up in diagnosis and prevention; It is committed to investing in the early stage of basic research and technology development in the field of infectious diseases, and accelerating and expanding the application of engineering and Information Science in the biological field. In this regard, some suggestions are put forward, including: increasing the deployment and investment of key technologies in the field of major infectious diseases; Strengthen the identification, prediction and collaborative deployment of disruptive technologies; Strengthen the monitoring and defense against the threat of large-scale bioterrorism; Promote the transfer of dual-use technologies and strengthen the management and monitoring of dual-use technologies.