As one crucial science and technology investment resource, the distribution of Government R&D funds can reflect the government's science and technology layout. Based on the data of U.S. Federal R&D funds, this paper analyzes several essential aspects of the U.S. government's science and technology layout - critical areas, R&D types, and implementers (including foreignimplementers). The research shows that: 1) the critical areas of the U.S. federal government include national defense, health, energy, aerospace, etc. However, the share of national defense in the government's R&D budget has decreased compared with 10 years ago, while the share of health and energy has increased; 2) The type of R&D activities is mainly research (basic research + Applied Research) at present, while decades ago it was mainly experimental development; 3) The main implementers include enterprises, government research institutions, universities, federally funded R&D centers and non-profit organizations. However, the share of federal R&D funds spent by enterprises is decreasing, while the share of funds spent by universities is increasing; 4) The foreign layout is dominated by ally countries whose R&D areas include national defense, aerospace, hygiene and health, basic research, agriculture, etc. A small part of the funds is given to developing countries whose R&D area focus on health.