Abstract: Path planning of mobile robot is to plan a collision-free path between the starting point and the target point in an environment with obstacles, which is the basis of navigation and motion control. Biological swarm intelligence algorithm is widely used in the path planning of mobile robots, UAVs, unmanned ships and unmanned vehicles because of the intelligent and optimal characteristics of the population. In this paper, according to the bionic principle of different biological groups, the biological swarm intelligence algorithm is divided into function bionic algorithm, information bionic algorithm and composition (chemical substance) bionic algorithm. Based on the research and analysis of all kinds of algorithms, the problems, solutions and performances of biological swarm intelligence algorithm in the process of mobile robot path planning are summarized. Based on the accuracy and real-time requirements of mobile robot path planning, the adaptive search algorithm of biological population balance, edge algorithm and cloud network fusion technology are proposed, which will be the research hotspot of mobile robot path planning. 

Key words: Biological Swarm Intelligence Algorithm, Mobile Robot, Path Planning