Abstract: Continuously enriching the scientific and technological plan evaluation theory system and optimizing the scientific and technical plan evaluation practice activities are of great significance for improving the technological innovation governance system. This article makes a comprehensive review of the current government evaluation theory, "market failure" theory, fourth-generation evaluation theory, system theory, and "fact-value" related combination theory commonly used in the international evaluation community, and proposes two future situations of science and technology plan evaluation theories: First, the outbreak of a new round of scientific and technological revolution will lead to the diversification and compounding of evaluation theory research; and second, more attention are to be paid to the unity of instrumental rationality and value rationality in the research and application of evaluation theory. On these basis, it is suggested that China needs to develop a science and technology plan evaluation theory with Chinese characteristics. The theory should have the following characteristics: First, it is suitable for the characteristics of China’s scientific and technological innovation governance; Second, the relationship between efficiency and fairness and justice should be properly handled; Third, it pays attention to the unity of facts and values; Fourth, it can broadly enrich the socialist culture with Chinese characteristics.

Key words: Science and Technology Plan, Evaluation Theory, Technology Innovation Governance, Fourth-generation Evaluation