Based on seven series of reports recently released by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the International Energy Agency, and the International Renewable Energy Agency, a comprehensive analysis is firstly conducted on the overall progress of global climate action, the transformation of energy systems, and emission reduction progress in critical industries. The Doc_LDA topic model is used for text mining to reveal six key themes essential to achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement: renewable energy and energy efficiency, diversified innovation, carbon emission reduction in critical areas, policy, critical minerals, and international cooperation. The analysis delves further into the problems and gaps in the global climate action process, suggesting directions for future action. Lastly, focusing on China’s fulfillment of the Paris Agreement targets, four enlightening recommendations are proposed: 1) Strengthen the enforcement of climate policies and formulate relevant strategies according to local conditions; 2) Increase investment in climate change-related technology research and development and accelerate the innovation and commercialization of low-carbon technologies; 3) Build a comprehensive climate finance mechanism and standards, and strengthen the deployment of risk management measures; 4) Actively participate in international policy dialogues and cooperation to jointly promote the development and improvement of the global climate governance system.