A deep mining schema of ESI research fronts was constructed to reveal development trends of frontiers in neuroscience. The research hotspots were identified based on the co-cited network of research fronts, and the key topics were identified through the co-occurrence of subject words among the research fronts. Based on the KeyBERT model, the keywords of titles and abstracts of top papers and citing papers involved in the research fronts were extracted and analyzed the inter-year changes of keyword hotspots to reveal the development trends of research hotspots in this field. The countries of top papers, citing papers and references involved in the research fronts were analyzed to reflect the discipline influence of different countries around the world in the field development. The results showed that neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson’s disease, and multiple sclerosis were the most widely and deeply researched vital topics in the global neuroscience field, brain-computer interfaces, serum neurofilament light chain protein, and non-invasive brain stimulation tools were emerging research hotspots in recent years, and epidemic-related topics such as the effects of Covid-19 infection on the nervous system, the neurological manifestations of Covid-19 patients and the mental health of frontline medical staff had also become hot topics in the field of neuroscience in the past two years. The coverage and activity of China in the research fronts of neuroscience have increased, and the leadership, contribution, and participation in the research fronts of this field have also increased significantly in recent years. We have certain development advantages in the directions of Covid-19 epidemic-related topics, gut microbiota, targeted therapy, artificial sensory nerves, and have certain development potentials in the directions of Alzheimer’s disease, brain function network, stroke, neuropathic pain, glioma, etc. The results can provide disciplinary intelligence services for developing the neuroscience field in China.