Abstract: In the next five and fifteen years, the strategy for the development of science and technology in China has been made clear，that is, to adhere to the core position of innovation in the overall modernization of our country and take self-reliance and independent development of science and technology as the strategic support for national development. Adhering to the new strategy of science and technology development in an all-round way and vigorously promoting the scientific and technological innovation productivity of economic and social development are the fundamental measures to calmly cope with the great changes in the world in a century. To build a powerful country in science and technology and realize self-reliance and independent development in science and technology, we need to establish and adhere to the correct concept of scientific and technological development in a dialectical and unified way of thinking, that is, opening-up development, competitive development, system development and security development of science and technology, in order to promote the long-term stability and sustainable development of scientific and technological progress. To meet and adapt to the new science and technology and industrial revolution, we must establish a modern science and technology governance system and governance capacity, including the development of science and technology and innovation policy system to adapt to the new trend and law of the new round of science and technology and industrial revolution.

Key words: Science and Technology Innovation, Self-Reliance and Independent Development of Science and Technology, Opening-up Development of Science and Technology, Competitive Development of Science and Technology, System Development of Science and Technology, Security Development of Science and Technology, Science and Technology and Innovation Policy