Organizing “science and technology strategy consulting” needs to focus on three dimensions,including “science and technology strategy and decision-making”“science and technology frontier and trend”,and “science and technology management and policy”.First of all,“science and technology strategy and decision-making” are the leading issue of scientific and technological innovation,and it is a scientific and technological strategic research with the goal of toplevel design and overall planning,which needs to answer the basic laws of scientific and technological innovation and analyze the path to building China into a great power in science and technology,and other major strategic issues.Secondly,the key to the “science and technology frontier and trend” is to have a comprehensive understanding of the current development of science and technology,and use scientific methods to foresee the frontiers and breakthrough directions of future scientific and technological development,objectively evaluate the country’s competitiveness in the field of science and technology.“Science and technology management and policy” is related to the implementation of science and technology strategy consulting practice,including the optimization path of science and technology innovation system and layout,science and technology security risk monitoring and response strategies,problem-oriented policy supply and management measures,etc.The three dimensions complement each other and are dialectically unified,and together constitute the key core of science and technology strategy consulting.

The comprehensive management of saline-alkali land is of great significance to ensure food security,improve the efficiency of land resource utilization and realize the sustainable development of agriculture in China.In this study,the bibliometric method was used to analyze the current research situation of comprehensive management of saline-alkali land.The results show that the research in the field of global comprehensive management of saline-alkali land is on the rise,and the research in this field in China started relatively early,and the number of papers published and the number of institutions have significant advantages,and in recent years,a research institution with sustainable academic output has been formed,but there is still room for improvement in research quality and international exchange and cooperation.The research hotspots focus on crop salinity-alkali tolerance,traditional saline-alkali land improvement measures,biochar remediation,and microbial remediation.In this study,we put forward suggestions that China should strengthen interdisciplinary integration,effectively improve the quality of scientific research,improve the mechanism of achievement transformation,strengthen international exchanges and cooperation,and pay attention to hot frontiers,in order to provide support for the research on comprehensive management of saline-alkali land in China.

Saline-alkali land is widely distributed in China,and as a potential land type for increasing grain production,its scientific management is of great significance to ensure national food security and ecological security.The process of water,fertilizer and salt in saline-alkali soil and its synergistic regulation mechanism are not clear,which will lead to the difficulty of the corresponding improvement and utilization technology to achieve the expected results.In order to explore the current situation,mechanism,main technologies and future research directions of the dynamic regulation of soil water,fertilizer and salt in saline-alkali land in China,this paper first analyzes the relevant literature from 2010 to 2024,summarizes the hot spots and trends of saline-alkali land research,and finds that the number of published papers is increasing year by year,and the research enthusiasm in the field of saline-alkali land is increasing both domestically and internationally.Subsequently,the dynamic regulation mechanism of soil water,salt and water and fertilizer in saline-alkali land was discussed in detail,including the influence of natural and human factors on soil water and salt transport,and the role of water and fertilizer coupling technology in improving soil environment and crop yield.The improvement and regulation technologies related to saline-alkali land,such as drip irrigation under film,brackish water utilization,intelligent irrigation and organic fertilizer improvement,have shown remarkable effects in controlling soil salinity,improving water resource use efficiency and improving soil structure.However,there are still some problems in the research on the synergistic regulation of water,fertilizer and salt in saline-alkali land,such as the existing water-fertilizer coupling model still has great limitations when applied to saline-alkali land,and more targeted models need to be developed urgently.Future research should focus on precise salt control,carbon enhancement and emission reduction,and the application of new materials in saline-alkali land management,so as to promote technological innovation and practical development.It is suggested to strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation and combine big data and artificial intelligence technology to achieve scientific governance of saline-alkali land and ensure food security and ecological environment.

Water security is the foundation of food security,and the coordinated utilization of multiple water sources in farmland with scarce fresh water and saltaffected soils is of great strategic significance for ensuring national food security.This study analyses the current situation and challenges faced by the utilization of multiple water sources in deficient water resources and saline alkali areas.The high ratio of evaporation to precipitation is the main reason for the formation of saline alkali land,and the scarcity of freshwater resources remains the core issue restricting the utilization of saline alkali land and maintaining the ecological environment.There are significant differences in rainfall resources among different types of saline alkali areas in China,with annual precipitation less than 500mm,and other water sources also have certain differences.Based on the research progress of the theory of five water transformation in agricultural ecosystems,this paper focuses on six aspects: efficient use of plants,efficient utilization of rainfall harvesting,efficient irrigation of surface ponds and ditches,efficient utilization of soil moisture retention and water storage,ecological regulation and utilization of groundwater,and collaborative efficient utilization based on crop life water demand information and the characteristics of multiple water sources in farmland.Key technologies and industries for the development of collaborative utilization of multiple water sources in farmland under future climate change are proposed.This study will provide theoretical reference and technical support for the coordinated utilization of multiple water sources in the deficient water and salinealkali areas.

As an unconventional feed resource,halophytes have the advantages of salt tolerance,stress resistance,wide distribution,which can efficiently use marginal land and reduce dependence on traditional feed.However,the high salt growth environment has a significant impact on the composition of nutrients,minerals and metabolites,which in turn affects the feeding value of livestock.This paper systematically summarized the main species,nutrient,mineral and secondary metabolite components of forage halophytes,the effects of salt stress on nutrient composition,and the feed utilization of halophyte resources at home and abroad.At the same time,the effects of feeding halophytes on the mineral metabolism and health of livestock and the main utilization methods were discussed,and the future research directions of halophyte feeding and safety evaluation,functional active substances mining,antinutrient elimination utilization technology and forage variety selection were pointed out,which provided a new way to solve the shortage of forage resources,the sustainable development of animal husbandry and the restoration of saline soil.

Soil salinization is a critical factor restricting the sustainable development of agroecology and social economy,and has become a global environmental issue.As one of the advanced technologies for detecting and identifying distant targets,remote sensing technology has the characteristics of comprehensive,macroscopic,and dynamic,and has been widely applied in the monitoring of the distribution,salinization degree and dynamic change of saline soil.To accurately and comprehensively understand and summarize the research progress,limitations,and future development trends of remote sensing technology in the application of saline soil,and to better support the management and utilization of saline soils,land resource allocation,and socio-economic development,this study focuses on the research of remote sensing monitoring and mapping of saline soils.It systematically reviews the recent research progress at home and abroad,and summarizes the main principles of saline soil monitoring,remote sensing data sources,information extraction methods of saline soil,existing problems and research hotspots.On this basis,this paper points out that integrating multi-source remote sensing data,large-scale sample databases,and field survey data,combined with machine learning models and expert knowledge,has become the main paradigm for regionalized quantitative inversion of soil salinity.In the future,methods such as image enhancement,multi-source heterogeneous data fusion,and improvements to environmental covariates in models will be key development directions in remote sensing of saline soil.

Soil salinization is a globally prevalent resource and ecological issue that severely restricts agricultural development and the sustainable use of land resources.In recent years,remote sensing technology,with its advantages of extensive coverage and high spatiotemporal resolution,has become an important tool for monitoring saline-alkali land.This paper reviews relevant studies conducted both domestically and internationally,summarizing the applications of multispectral,hyperspectral,thermal infrared,and multi-source data fusion techniques in soil salinization monitoring.It focuses on commonly used salinity indices,vegetation indices,sensitive bands,and remote sensing inversion models,analyzing the applicability and limitations of different methods in salinized soil monitoring.Furthermore,the paper discusses key challenges in the field,such as limited model generalization and the impact of multiple factors on monitoring accuracy.Future research directions are also explored,including multi-source data integration and enhanced interdisciplinary collaboration.The findings of this study provide scientific support for improving the accuracy of soil salinization remote sensing monitoring,optimizing monitoring methods,and promoting the management of saline-alkali soils.

Soil salinization is significant issue in Australia.To address this challenge,the Australian government has launched multiple governance action plans since the 1980s,accompanied by chain-wide and multi-dimensional governance performance evaluations aimed at enhancing the effectiveness and cost-efficiency.This study provides an in-depth analysis of diverse assessment of salinization governance in Australia,focusing on three representative types of assessments:the scientific evaluation of the priority order of initial funding investment,the economic benefit evaluation of various government measures,and the comprehensive effectiveness evaluation of specific national action plans.The analysis emphasizes the implementation,management models,and cost-effectiveness of these initiatives.Finally,based on the experience and lessons drawn from the assessment of Australia’s salinization governance,this study proposes insights and recommendations for the governance of saline-alkali land in China.It emphasizes the importance of closely aligning with China’s actual conditions,flexibly adjusting management models,scientifically formulating relevant policies,and establishing robust project evaluation mechanisms to effectively advance the comprehensive improvement and utilization of saline-alkali land in China.

Policy coordination is a crucial foundation for ensuring and promoting the healthy and sustainable development of industries.This paper takes 868 hydrogen energy-related policies in China as the research object,designing a policy coordination measurement framework that includes two dimensions-time and space-and three elements:policy actors,instruments,and themes.Using deep learning and grey relational analysis,the study quantifies the coordination of China’s hydrogen energy policies.The findings indicate that,in the time dimension,the network of cooperation among policy actors in China’s hydrogen energy sector is expanding,and the degree of coordination continues to improve.However,the coordination of policy instruments has slightly decreased,with a preference for pilot demonstrations and regulatory standards over tools like government procurement and tax incentives.The coordination of policy themes is at an upper-middle level and continues to improve,though policy support for hydrogen production,storage,transportation,and refueling still needs enhancement.In the spatial dimension,the coordination of actors at the central government level is significantly higher than in other hydrogen energy industrial clusters,while the coordination of themes is at a lower-middle level,notably below that of other clusters.The use of policy instruments by the central government and hydrogen energy industrial clusters is similar,with little difference in instrument coordination.Moving forward,efforts should focus on establishing cross-regional policy coordination frameworks and communication platforms,optimizing the combination of policy instruments,and promoting the development of upstream and midstream segments of the hydrogen energy industry for coordinated optimization.

In recent years,with the mature development of hydrogen energy utilization technology has been incorporated into China’s energy strategy,the planning and layout of hydrogen energy industry across the country is also speeding up,and one after another,local governments have released the development plan of hydrogen energy industry,which has set off a wave of hydrogen energy development.Therefore,a comparative study of the evolution path of hydrogen energy industry policies in China’s important cities of Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Wuhan is an important support for the further development and steady promotion of the sustainable development of China’s hydrogen energy industry.This paper uses text mining technology to firstly systematically analyze and compare the hydrogen energy technology research bases of Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Wuhan,and then statistically analyze the number of hydrogen energy policies released by the four cities in different time periods and relevant departments,and finally study the hydrogen energy industry policy evolution in China and the four cities by analyzing the time zone map of the policy evolution in different time periods of China and the four cities and the co-occurrence of the theme word relationship.The results show that although China’s research and development of hydrogen energy started relatively late,after 2010,the research and development vigor and enthusiasm in hydrogen energy technology related fields in the four cities have shown an explosive growth trend.Guangzhou,with a consistently high average annual number of hydrogen energy policy releases since 2010,tops the list of the four cities.The four cities of Beijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Wuhan have chosen to carry out the strategic layout of hydrogen energy industry in diversified fields such as the whole industrial chain of fuel cells,green hydrogen production,key components,and electric power grids,which will provide an important support for China to realize the comprehensive development of hydrogen energy industry.

This paper reviews the evolution of France’s policies on investment in basic research,providing an indepth analysis of the country’s funding and personnel allocation for basic research,key areas of investment,and the evaluation system.The study reveals that France’s basic research sector benefits from consistent policy support from successive governments,long-term and high-intensity funding,an ample pool of high-quality scientific personnel,and boasts a rational structure for fund execution and a robust system for financial evaluation.These factors contribute significantly to France’s status as a global scientific powerhouse.Building on the analysis of France’s approach to basic research,this paper addresses the current state of basic research investment in our country,highlighting issues such as the varying degrees of value recognition for basic research investment among different stakeholders,suboptimal innovation outcomes from such investments,a singular approach to investment,and gaps in the regulatory framework.The paper proposes four recommendations aimed at promoting the development of basic research in our country.