The text mining of patent texts in the field of medical artificial intelligence (AI) from 1971 to 2022 reveals the content and evolution trend of its technical topics, and analyzes the hot spots and development trends of technology research and development, which is helpful to provide reference and reference for scientific researchers in the context of technological development, and then for future research and application. In this paper, 14184 patent data related to the field of medical artificial intelligence in the Derwent patent database are obtained, and the data is cleaned, and it is divided into three stages (embryonic stage, development stage, and rapid development stage) based on the life cycle theory. Subsequently, the BERTopic topic model was used to identify the subject of patent texts, and the evolution of technical topics was analyzed by calculating the semantic similarity between technical topic pairs and topic filtering. The results showed that a total of 5 embryonic themes, 9 development themes, and 29 rapid development topics were identified, indicating that medical artificial intelligence technology is in the rapid development stage. Foundational technologies such as signal processing and analysis, image processing and computer vision, and data mining emerged during the early and development stages, gradually maturing during the development and rapid development stages, leading to the formation of specialized technological domains. Both demand and technological advancements drove the differentiation of foundational technologies. The convergence of technologies is expected to generate novel advancements. Medical artificial intelligence technology is currently in a rapid stage of development. Finally, it is proposed that the research and innovation of basic and key technologies in the field of medical artificial intelligence should be strengthened in the future, and the technical issues behind the important practical needs in the field of medical artificial intelligence should be continuously paid attention to help technological innovation. Additionally, the significance of technological convergence and development in the field of medical AI should be emphasized, encouraging multidisciplinary teams comprising researchers from various fields, to lay the foundation for promoting deep integration and multidimensional exploration of interdisciplinary technologies at the forefront.