Basic research is the core carrier of scientific and technological innovation activities, and optimizing the organization and management model of basic research projects is an important task for deepening the reform of the scientific and technological system. In order to further promote the construction of the organization and management system of original basic research projects of our country, scientific and technological powerhouses such as the United States, Japan, the United Kingdom, and Germany were selected as the research objects, and the experience of typical countries in the organization, funding, and evaluation and evaluation system construction of original basic research projects was studied in depth. Analyzing the main characteristic elements, and finally starting from the law of scientific and technological innovation and the management law of international basic projects, put forward some suggestions for accelerating the construction of the organization and management system of original basic research projects of our country, including: highlighting the goal orientation and improving the organization system of original basic research projects; Highlight positive incentives and optimize the funding system for original basic research projects; highlight long-term effectiveness and improve the evaluation system for original basic research projects.