As the pilot and cornerstone of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, advanced materials significantly promote technological innovation, facilitate industrial transformation and upgrading, and safeguarding national security. Thus, they are considered as strategic commanding heights of global economic and technological competition. This paper reviewed the strategic policy trends of developed countries in recent years and summarized the development trend of materials science and technology. Through selecting frontier fields in advanced materials, such as design and simulation, preparation and processing, characterization, device fabrication, and recycling, it listed the important progress made by some developed countries in an innovative development chain from “raw materials”, “primary materials” to “devices”. By focusing on the strategic planning, development trends, and research progress in developed countries, some suggestions are put forward, from emphasizing frontier basic fields, highlighting problem-oriented research, and coordinating various institutions to assist the innovative development of advanced materials technology in China.