In recent years, China attaches great importance to the critical role of national strategic science and technology force in accelerating the catch-up of basic science. However, problems such as the unclear orientation of basic research and Impetuous study style among different research subjects are becoming increasingly prominent. While combining the national conditions with the right medicine, it is necessary to refer to the development experience of European and American scientific and technological powers to avoid detours. To this end, this paper constructs an analysis framework for national strategic science and technology force governance. It conducts case studies on the governance practices of basic research in the United States, Germany, and Japan from the perspective of internal and external governance. The findings are as follows:(1)the government implements clear and differentiated management of national research institutes and research universities in terms of funding allocation and research intervention;(2)gives full play to the leading role of strategic science and technology force through various forms of basic research support;(3)in order to face the forefront of science and technology in the world, give full play to the role of evaluation through some evaluation mechanisms, such as open and transparent ones, and differentiated application of results, and establish a regular consultation and review system of international advisory panels composed of top scientists at home and abroad. Finally, based on the above conclusions, the policy suggestions of strengthening basic research of national strategic science and technology forces are put forward.

National Strategic Science and Technology Force, National Research Institutes, Research Universities, Basic Research