As an essential method for formulating national science and technology policies, technology prediction refers to the prediction or determination of future goals, possible ways, and resource conditions of scientific and technological development, which major developed countries have highly valued. In recent years, the National Intelligence Council of the United States, NATO, Future Science and Technology Committee of the European Parliament, and other organizations and institutions, aiming at 2040, have carried out prediction research on the future development trend of science and technology and its significant impact on the economic, social and military fields, and issued relevant reports. Aiming at the key points of relevant reports, this paper focuses on combing the future development trends of eight cutting-edge scientific and technological fields, such as artificial intelligence, new materials and manufacturing, biotechnology, space technology, independent technology, big data technology, advanced weapon technology, and quantum technology,  analyzes the technological development trend and its impact on the economy, society, and economy in 2040, and puts forward enlightenment for the future development of China's scientific and technological field.