Through measuring ion mass-to-charge ratio, mass spectrometry technology accurately identifies unknown analytes, quantifies known compounds, and determines the structure and chemical properties of molecules. In recent years, its application in life science basic research and clinical detection analysis has become more and more extensive, providing important support for understanding the composition of life and the essence of life phenomena, and realizing rapid and accurate diagnosis of diseases. This article analyzes the development status and problems of international and Chinese clinical mass spectrometry technology, and puts forward relevant policy recommendations. It shows that technological advances in ion sources and mass analyzers, as well as the introduction of innovative ion mobility spectroscopy technology, have improved the sensitivity and resolution of mass spectrometry, broadened the range of detectable molecules, and significantly improved the qualitative and quantitative capabilities of mass spectrometry, which make the clinical application of mass spectrometry technology enter a stage of rapid development. Chinese clinical mass spectrometry technology research and application started relatively late, and it is necessary to further strengthen the independent innovation of source technology, promote the sinking of clinical applications, and gradually improve related regulatory standards in the future.