Abstract: Data has been an important strategic resource and competitive factor for economic and social development. As the world is undergoing major changes unseen in a century and the great power game is becoming increasingly prominent, how to strengthen the top-level coordination, factor agglomeration and extensive use of data has become a matter of national destiny. This article focuses on the latest data strategies issued by the major science and technology powers such as United States, EU, United Kingdom, Japan and Germany, and analyzes the key points of these data strategies and their implementation and application trends. It is concluded that these science and technology powers manage and use data as significant national strategic assets, dedicate to preserving data sovereignty, develop digital economy and digital society, improve data governance centered on data security and privacy protection to address major risk, and jointly respond to global public crises through efficient international data sharing in order to finally win representation and competitive edges. This article draws some insights for decision-making, including: improving data governance and exploring the potential value of data, promoting data mobility and creating an open and efficient data sharing system, enhancing resource aggregation and international influence of national scientific data centers, and achieving a balance between scientific data sharing and application and data security and protection.

Key words: Data Strategy, Strategic Assets, Digital Economy, Data Sovereignty, Privacy Protection