世界科技研究与发展 ›› 2022, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 531-542.doi: 10.16507/j.issn.1006-6055.2021.12.003

所属专题： 人工智能

• 科技评价与评估 • 上一篇    下一篇

中美人工智能竞争现状对比分析及启示#br#

贾夏利1,2 刘小平1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院文献情报中心，北京100190；2.中国科学院大学经济与管理学院图书情报与档案管理系，北京100190
  • 出版日期:2022-08-25 发布日期:2022-09-14
  • 基金资助:

    2021年国家重大科技战略问题情报研究专项“数理及交叉科学领域科技态势战略研判”（2021XM59）

Comparative Analysis of the Current State of Competition of Artificial Intelligence in China and the United States and Inspiration

JIA Xiali1,2   LIU Xiaoping1,2   

  1. 1. National Science Library，Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; 2. Department of Library, Information and Archives Management, School of Economics and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • Online:2022-08-25 Published:2022-09-14

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摘要：

人工智能是驱动经济和社会发展的重要力量，具有巨大的应用价值，是各国争相布局的战略领域。本文旨在从宏观和微观两个角度对中美两国在人工智能领域的竞争现状进行详细对比，分析各自的优势与不足，并对我国人工智能的发展提出有效建议。在宏观角度，梳理和分析中美两国人工智能的政策战略，对比两国国家层面的发展规划。在微观角度，从科研现状、产业发展、人才支撑、硬件基础、市场应用、数据规模六个指标维度比较中美人工智能的具体发展现状以及各自存在的竞争优势。研究发现，美国当前依然保持着世界人工智能发展的总体领先地位，尤其是在高质量研发、高质量人才、人工智能芯片、融资环境等方面具有相当大的优势。中国在研发总量上远超美国，在超级计算机数量、人工智能应用、数据等方面表现更为优异。未来，中国要不断吸引全世界的高精尖人才，制定激励举措鼓励研究人员进行高质量的研究。此外，建立大学、研究机构与企业之间的桥梁，加强三者间的深度交流与合作，加速关键领域的突破。

关键词: 人工智能, 中美关系, 战略比较, 科技竞争

Abstract:

Artificial intelligence is an important force driving economic and social development, with great application value, and is a strategic area in which countries are competing for layout. The purpose of this paper is to make a detailed comparison between the current development status of AI in China and the United States from both macro and micro perspectives, to analyze the advantages and shortcomings of each, and to make effective suggestions for the development of AI in China. From the macro perspective, the policy strategies of AI in China and the U S are sorted out and analyzed, and the development plans at the national level in both countries are compared. From the microperspective, we compare the specific development status of AI in China and the United States from six dimensions: research situation, industrial development, talent, hardware foundation, market application, datascale, as well as the competitive advantages of each. The study found that the U.S. currently still maintains the overall leading position in the development of AI in the world, especially in terms of high-quality R&D, high-quality talents, AI chips, and financing environment with considerable advantages. China far exceeds the U. S. intotal R&D, and performs much better in the number of supercomputers, AI applications, data, etc. In the future, China should continue to attract high-caliber talent from around the world and develop incentive initiatives to encourage researchers to conduct high-quality research. In addition, it should build bridges between universities, research institutions and enterprises to strengthen in-depth communication and cooperation among the three and accelerate breakthroughs in keyareas.

Key words: Artificial Intelligence, U. S. – China Relations, Strategic Comparison, Scienceand Technology Competition

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