关键词: 研究数据, 开放获取, 开放共享, 政策, 欧盟

Abstract: Open access of research data is an important feature of open science, and an important measure for EU to strengthen integration and promote balanced development of Member States. It can release the energy of EU massive data, promote the construction of "European research area", improve research efficiency, and help reduce the negative impact of European debt crisis and Brexit. This paper introduces the efforts made by the EU in the following four aspects: jointly formulating international standards for open access of research data, participating in the establishment of Research Data Alliance (RDA), publishing research data management policies, and actively promoting research data construction projects. By promoting the open access of research data, the EU is once again at the forefront of the open science movement. A series of policies and achievements by EU to promote open access and research data will have a great impact on Open Science in Europe and even in the world, and will also provide fresh reference for China's research data sharing and research data center construction. In addition, based on this, this paper introduces the policies and measures of research data management and open sharing in China, points out the problems existing in the formulation of policy system, the quantity and quality of data release and the construction of open scientific environment, and gives corresponding opinions and suggestions.

Key words: Research Data, Open Access, Open Sharing, Policies, EU